Perianal abscess, or what we call perianal abscess, is an acute suppurative infection that occurs in the soft tissues around the rectum and anal canal or in other peripheral spaces and forms an abscess. Why does perianal abscess occur? Children (especially newborns and infants less than 3 months old) perianal skin and rectal mucosa is very delicate, the local immune function is immature, mucosal barrier function is imperfect, easy to be dry stool, local impregnation of urine or rough diapers and other factors to damage the anal crypts and the skin of the anal canal, pathogenic bacteria infected with the anal glands and then the formation of abscesses. The majority of perianal abscesses in infants and children are superficial subcutaneous abscesses, and pelvic rectal hiatus abscesses occurring in the deeper part of the body are rare. Performance of pediatric perianal abscesses Perianal abscesses in infants and young children develop within 1-2 months after birth, and are more common in male infants, often preceded by a history of diarrhea or constipation. Children often have pain due to the abscess, which is characterized by unexplained crying, especially when lying down or defecating. Some children may have refusal of breastfeeding, loss of appetite or even vomiting, depression, and may be febrile. Older children often complain of pain around the anus, which is worse when walking or having a bowel movement, and they are reluctant to sit or sit on one hip. More superficial subcutaneous abscesses can be palpated around the anus, and this is the most common type. Localized redness, hard lumps, and even loss of skin folds can be found around the anus, and the red, swollen skin is warm and painful to press. When pus forms, a fluctuating sensation can be felt in the redness, and pus can be extracted by local puncture. If left untreated, the abscess will rupture on its own and the pus will flow out of the rupture, forming a fistula, and an anal fistula. Deep abscesses are usually accompanied by severe systemic reactions, such as fever, chills, general fatigue and malaise, etc. Sometimes the specialist examination does not determine the exact location of the abscess, and ultrasound or CT examination is needed to confirm. How to treat pediatric perianal abscess Treatment includes non-surgical and surgical treatments Non-surgical treatments: Applicable to perianal abscess in the inflammatory infiltration stage and has not yet formed pus, including: 1, antibiotic treatment, in principle, according to the causative organisms of the drug sensitivity test selection of appropriate antibiotics, but in the drug sensitivity test results can be used according to experience on the effective antibiotics for the Grams-negative bacteria. 2, warm water or medication sitz bath, with 39-40 ℃ of warm water sitz bath, or have containing heat detoxification effect of the drug lotion external anal localization. 3.Improve the fecal pattern of children, correct their constipation or diarrhea, avoid the perianal skin for a long time and continue to be contaminated by feces. Surgery: incision and drainage of abscess is the main method of treating pediatric perianal abscess. Once the abscess is formed, it should be incised and drained in time. However, it should be noted that, for infants and young children with perianal abscess, due to the risk of surgical damage to the anal sphincter muscle and thus lead to fecal incontinence is greater, in the implementation of the operation before the need to weigh the pros and cons, to determine the appropriate surgical methods, and infants and young children with a certain tendency to self-healing perianal abscesses, so it can also be used to puncture pus pumping with non-surgical treatment.