1. The ventricular septal defect is 2.4 cm and requires surgery. 2. Ventricular septal defect is a more serious congenital heart disease, which is an abnormal interventricular traffic caused by the underdevelopment of the interventricular septum during the fetal period. It can occur alone or in combination with other cardiovascular malformations. 3. A ventricular septal defect of 2.4 cm is considered a large ventricular septal defect (severe defect) and should be treated with surgery at the earliest possible time in the cardiac surgery department. 4. In addition to clarifying the size of the ventricular septal defect, surgery requires a complete assessment of the patient’s current symptoms, cardiac function, location of the defect, degree of pulmonary hypertension and atrial enlargement, etc., to make a comprehensive judgment. 5. Interventional blockade, transthoracic blockade, and intracardiac surgery are the surgical options for ventricular septal defects, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, and the most appropriate surgical option should be selected after evaluation by the clinician.