Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most serious microvascular complications in people with diabetes and a major cause of blindness. What do I feel when I have diabetic retinopathy? In the early stage, there may be no conscious symptoms. After the lesion involves the macula, there are different degrees of vision loss and black shadows floating in front of the eyes. What damage does diabetes do to the eyes? Diabetes can cause extensive damage to the eye. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most serious microvascular complications in diabetic patients and a major cause of blindness. Cataract is a common eye disease in which the lens of the eye loses its transparency. Diabetes can promote the development and progression of cataract, especially in states where chronic hyperglycemic toxicity persists. Refractive changes in the eye are also frequent abnormalities in diabetic patients. Patients often feel blurred vision, mostly short-lived or transient, associated with dramatic fluctuations in blood glucose, manifesting as myopia during hyperglycemia and farsightedness when blood glucose drops more rapidly from high to low. This lesion can return to normal within a few weeks of intensive treatment for diabetes. The prevalence of glaucoma is also significantly higher in diabetic patients. The development of primary open-angle glaucoma may be related to the sclerosis of the anterior chamber angle trabeculae and poor outflow of atrial fluid due to diabetes mellitus. Neovascular glaucoma occurs mostly in those with diabetic proliferative retinopathy. Ocular neuropathy: Damage to the oculomotor nerve is a diabetic vascular neuropathy, and ocular muscle paralysis often occurs suddenly. Among them, oculomotor nerve injury is the most common, manifesting as ptosis, limited eye movement, diplopia, etc.; followed by abducens nerve, manifesting as extraocular muscle paralysis. Oculomotor nerve injury generally has a good prognosis, but the course of the disease may last more than 8 weeks. When the trophoblastic vessels of the optic nerve are damaged, a neuroinflammatory reaction may occur, manifested as optic papillary edema, and in advanced stages, optic nerve atrophy, clinically manifested as varying degrees of visual acuity loss or even complete blindness. Autonomic neuropathy of the eye can lead to impaired regulation of the pupil’s light reflex and maladaptation to dark and bright light; it can also lead to impaired regulation of lacrimal gland secretion and dry eyes or easy tearing. Diabetic eye disease is a variety of complications caused by diabetes in the eye, just as diabetes can cause various kinds of damage to the heart, brain, liver, gallbladder, kidney, gastrointestinal, bladder, skin, oral cavity, bones, muscles, etc. in the large scope of the whole body, it can cause damage to vision, eye pressure, eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, anterior chamber, ciliary body, lens, vitreous, etc. in the small scope of the eye, especially retinal damage. Therefore, when it comes to prevention and treatment, treating diabetes is fundamental and treating eye damage is symptomatic. If you have diabetes, how to take care of your eyes? 1, control blood sugar: control blood sugar concentration, especially after meal blood sugar concentration must be controlled, if 2 hours after meal blood sugar concentration is below 10.0 mmol/L, can greatly reduce or delay the occurrence and development of retinopathy. 2, hypertension: hypertension can increase the incidence of diabetic retinopathy and aggravate the condition, therefore, early detection and active treatment of hypertension is also an important aspect of preventing diabetic retinopathy. 3, quit smoking: smoking can make the blood vessels spasm, prompting the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy, therefore, diabetic patients must be completely broken with smoking. 4, control weight: when the weight is overweight, not only can make the blood sugar concentration rise, but also will increase the burden on the heart and kidneys, inducing hypertension, therefore, diabetic patients must pay attention to weight control, overweight people should pay attention to weight loss. 5. Control blood lipids. Why is it necessary to check the fundus regularly? Diabetic retinopathy is irreversible and must be detected and treated early, so diabetic patients must have their vision and fundus checked regularly. Once eye discomfort occurs in diabetic patients, please visit the hospital promptly and follow the doctor’s treatment advice. How often should I go to the hospital for checkups? Patients with type 1 diabetes should be examined once a year after 5 years from the onset of the disease; patients with type 2 diabetes should be examined once a year from the time diabetes is detected. However, those with retinopathy should be re-examined several times a year; those without retinopathy can be re-examined at slightly more frequent intervals. If you have abnormal eye sensations, you should shorten your eye follow-up. For diabetic women, the fundus should be checked at the hospital within 12 months before the planned pregnancy. After pregnancy, fundus examinations should be repeated during the lth trimester and then periodically reviewed thereafter. If I have diabetic retinopathy, how should I treat it? 1.Medication. 2.Laser treatment. 3.Vitrectomy.