Clinical GERD and esophageal mucosal damage caused by excessive exposure (or exposure) of the gastroesophageal lumen to gastric juices is called gastroesophageal reflux. The development of GERD and its complications is multifactorial. These include defects in the anti-reflux mechanism of the esophagus itself, such as lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction and abnormal esophageal body movements; and also dysfunction of many mechanical factors outside the esophagus. Treatment Treatment guidelines: Enhance the anti-reflux barrier, reduce reflux irritation, and enhance esophageal mucosal resistance. Pharmacological treatment: acid-suppressing drugs such as H-2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors, mucosal protective drugs such as magnesium aluminum carbonate, and prokinetic drugs are available. Surgical treatment: Surgical treatment is suitable for those who are ineffective in long-term medication or need lifelong medication, those who cannot tolerate dilation, or those who need repeated dilation. Other treatment: Endoscopic treatment of esophageal strictures is feasible with dilatation therapy or endoscopic stent placement. Prognosis: The disease can be long-lasting and prone to recurrence.