Most of the ovarian plasmacytic cystadenomas require surgical treatment, which depends on the history of fertility, age and the condition of the opposite ovary. The main surgical treatment options are as follows: 1) in young, infertile women, one ovarian tumor can be removed for plasmacytic cystadenoma of one ovary; 2) in bilateral ovarian plasmacytic cystadenoma, bilateral tumor removal; 3) in postmenopausal women, unilateral adnexal resection for plasmacytic cystadenoma of one ovary and bilateral adnexal resection for plasmacytic cystadenoma of both ovaries. Intraoperative resection of ovarian specimens should be dissected, and intraoperative freezing examination should be performed to clarify the nature of the tumor. Most plasmacytoma cystadenomas are benign tumors, mostly unilateral, with smooth surface, thin wall and yellowish fluid filling the cystic cavity.