Cranial defects are a common disorder in neurosurgery. Our human skull is a very precise and complex system, consisting of 23 bones of different shapes and sizes, which are delicately joined together to form a complete closed cranial cavity, which plays an important role in protecting and supporting the brain, head and facial tissues and organs, and is of great importance to human health and the life of the whole body. Therefore, if a defect occurs, it will be very dangerous for human health and life operation, and it is necessary to perform cranial repair in time. Cranial repair not only protects the brain tissue from direct trauma, but also restores the normal appearance of the skull aesthetically, thus allowing the patient to return to social life. It was found that after cranial repair, in addition to a significant improvement in cerebral blood flow on the affected side, the cerebral blood flow on the contralateral side was also improved. This led to the recognition of the importance of cranioplasty in improving and restoring brain function. Children possess a high capacity for bone regeneration. It is generally accepted that children under three years of age do not require cranial repair; children over four years of age are not in a hurry to undergo cranial repair, but can be observed for several years and considered after cranial regeneration has stabilized. In addition to cranial repair, growth fractures in children need to be managed surgically for their cause.