Theoblastoma refers to neuroblastoma, which is curable but may recur. Neuroblastoma is a common malignant tumor in medical pediatric surgery. Although the malignancy of this tumor is high, the prognosis is generally better for patients who are younger at the time of diagnosis, and in pediatrics it is generally considered to be cured for children who do not have a recurrence within 3 years. Patients whose tumors have spread to the opposite side of the body at the time of diagnosis have a high rate of recurrence and a poor prognosis, and the overall 5-year survival rate for recurrent neuroblastoma after treatment is 20%. Neuroblastoma is also categorized into low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk stages. Low-risk patients can be cured by surgery, but intermediate-risk and high-risk neuroblastoma patients need to cooperate with chemotherapy and other adjuvant treatments after surgical treatments, and the prognosis is relatively poor and difficult to be cured. Neuroblastoma patients should follow the doctor’s instructions to cooperate with the treatment, and regular follow-up can help prevent and early detection of recurrence of the disease.