Surgery can remove the protruding intervertebral discs, nerve compression, and therefore effective treatment; however, surgery does not repair the already degenerated intervertebral discs, nor does it enable immediate repair of the injured nerve tissues, and, at the same time, it may further destabilize the spinal column, so it is necessary to strictly grasp the indications for surgery. Indications for surgery Those who have severe symptoms that affect their life and work, and are ineffective after more than one month of non-surgical treatment. Those with extensive muscle paralysis, sensory loss and damage to the cauda equina (e.g. sensory loss in the saddle area and dysfunction of urinary and fecal functions, etc.), and those with complete or partial paraplegia. Those with severe intermittent claudication, mostly with spinal stenosis, or those with spinal stenosis shown on X-ray and CT images, in which non-surgical treatments are not effective, are recommended to have early surgical treatment.