Rectal adenocarcinoma belongs to one of the pathological types of rectal cancer, and the difficulty of treatment is highly related to the stage. Rectal cancer is a malignant tumor caused by heredity, bad dietary habits and other factors, which can include pathological types of rectal adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma and carcinoid carcinoma. After diagnosis, it can be actively treated by surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and other methods. The specific treatment method also needs to be combined with staging. That is, according to the primary tumor, the degree of lymph node metastasis, and whether distant metastasis occurs, it can be divided into four stages, in which the earlier the stage, the lower the degree of malignancy, the easier the treatment, and the better the prognosis. Therefore, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment should be pursued. It is recommended that patients choose the appropriate treatment plan according to their condition under the guidance of professional doctors’ evaluation and actively cooperate with them to follow the doctor’s instructions.