Clinical manifestations of lumbar disc herniation: 1. low back pain 2. sciatica 3, Lower abdominal or anterior thigh pain 4, Intermittent claudication 5, Numbness 6, Muscle spasm. 7, muscle paralysis 8, bilateral lower extremity symptoms 9, cauda equina syndrome 10, spinal cone syndrome (high lumbar disc herniation S3-5 when manifested as perineal and perianal skin sensation loss. s2 numbness in the back of the thigh when compressed, is numbness in the saddle area. Inability to defecate, erection and ejaculation on one’s own can occur. 11. peripheral cone syndrome. l4-s2 is called peripheral cone. The intrinsic muscles of the gluteus, extension, flexion of the knee, ankle and toes and foot are weakened. Gait is abnormal. Both ankle and toe reflexes are absent. Knee reflexes are present, erection and ejaculation of the penis are impaired, but abnormal erection of the penis also occurs frequently. 12. Cervicolumbar syndrome. 13.Coldness in the affected limb 14.Caudal pain 15.Scrotal pain 16.Calf edema. The International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine (ISSLS) classifies lumbar disc herniation into degenerative, bulging, herniated, prolapsed, and free types. The bulging type is a normal phenomenon of disc degeneration and is usually asymptomatic and does not require treatment. Protrusion means that the nucleus pulposus protrudes into the spinal canal through the fissure of the annulus fibrosus, but the posterior longitudinal ligament is intact. A prolapsed disc is one in which the posterior longitudinal ligament ruptures and the nucleus pulposus enters the spinal canal from below or behind the posterior longitudinal ligament. If the prolapsed nucleus pulposus is not attached to the posterior longitudinal ligament or the annulus fibrosus, it is said to be free. The latter three can irritate the nerve roots and cause clinical symptoms, which should be treated early. Asymptomatic herniated discs are found in up to 30% of the population by CT examination, symptomatic ones in about 2%, and those requiring surgery account for about 10% to 20% of the symptomatic ones. Most patients with lumbar disc herniation can recover with non-surgical treatment. Early treatment can minimize the pain and inconvenience caused by the herniated disc, and the effect of regular treatment at the early stage of disc herniation is better than that of untimely diagnosis and treatment for various reasons.