Hiccups are caused by spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm. The diaphragm is actually not a membrane separating the chest and abdominal cavities, but a large muscle. Each time it contracts smoothly, our lungs draw in a breath of air; since it is controlled by the respiratory center of the brain, the diaphragm muscle moves regularly, our breathing can function completely autonomously, and we don’t need to remember how to breathe all the time. During hiccups, the diaphragm muscle involuntarily contracts, air is rapidly drawn into the lungs, and the cleft between the two vocal cords suddenly narrows, thus causing a strange sound. It is not clear why the diaphragm contracts uncontrollably on its own. Although most hiccups are transient, some people have persistent hiccups. Clinical manifestations 1. Systemic and neurological manifestations: Pay attention to the presence or absence of vital signs, local signs and meningeal irritation signs. 2. Local manifestations: head and neck, chest, abdominal signs, presence of inflammation and tumor in each area. If necessary, CT chest can be done to exclude diseases of phrenic nerve stimulation, and ECG can be done to determine the presence of pericarditis and myocardial infarction. If central neuropathy is suspected, head CT, MRI, EEG, etc. may be done. If digestive system lesions are suspected, abdominal X-ray, B-type ultrasound, gastrointestinal imaging, abdominal CT and hepatopancreatic function tests may be done if necessary. If digestive system lesions are suspected, abdominal X-ray, B-mode ultrasound, gastrointestinal imaging, abdominal CT and hepatopancreatic function tests may be performed if necessary, and clinical biochemical tests may be performed to exclude toxic and metabolic diseases. Prevention and treatment To treat hiccups, we must first treat the primary disease that caused the hiccups, and only then treat the symptoms. The following are some simple and practical methods that can block the nerve reflexes and cause hiccups to stop. 1.Distract attention and eliminate tension and bad stimuli. 2.Take a deep breath, then hold it, try to hold it for a longer time, then exhale, repeat several times. 3.Drink boiling water, especially slightly hot water, drink a large mouthful, swallowed in parts. 4.Wash your hands, insert your index finger into your mouth and gently stimulate the pharynx. 5.Inhale the gas mixture in a plastic bag, the gas mixture contains 90% oxygen and 10% carbon dioxide. 6.Chew ginger slices. 7.Wash the raw leek, squeeze out the vegetable juice and take it orally. 8, persimmon tips (referring to the tips of fresh persimmons or persimmon cakes) 20 pieces at a time, decocted into 100 ml of water and taken orally in two doses of 50 ml. Can also add leek seeds with the decoction as appropriate.