Inflammation of the small airways and alveoli, also known as pneumonia, is caused by pathogenic microorganisms, immune damage, physical and chemical factors, allergies, and medications. Pneumonia caused by bacterial infections is the most common. 1. Inflammation of small airways inflammation of the inflammation site is usually fine bronchial tubes, terminal bronchial tubes, often secondary to other diseases, such as bronchitis, bronchodilatation, patients with upper respiratory tract infections, the pathogens are mostly Streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus, viruses, etc., the chest X-ray shows irregular patchy shadows along the distribution of the lung texture, and the treatment is chosen to be specific antimicrobial drugs. 2. Alveolar inflammation, the inflammation site mostly involves the alveoli, but also can be spread to the lung segments and lobes through the alveoli, the pathogens are mostly Streptococcus pneumoniae, chest radiographs show solid shadows in the lung lobes or lung segments, the need to choose antimicrobial drugs according to the pathogens, and the use of medication, please follow the doctor’s instructions. It is recommended that the patient actively go to the hospital, clear diagnosis, under the doctor’s instructions to use drugs, do not take medication on their own, so as not to delay the condition.