Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children is potentially curable and has a higher cure rate and better prognosis than acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. However, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children is also subject to prognostic risk stratification. In the case of low-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia, it is entirely possible to achieve a cure with chemotherapy alone; however, in the case of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia, even if remission is achieved with chemotherapy, it is possible to relapse. For children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be considered to achieve a possible cure depending on the specific situation. Therefore, in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, risk stratification is performed to determine the prognosis and the likelihood of cure.