Invasive epithelial carcinoma of the bladder usually refers to muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and the treatment is usually comprehensive, such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical total cystectomy. Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system. If the tumor invades the muscle layer of the bladder, i.e., stage T2 and above, it is muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), and the decision of its treatment plan needs to be comprehensively assessed in terms of the specific stage of the tumor, the physical status of the patient, and so on. Treatment of MIBC The overall treatment principles are: 1. neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical total cystectomy is the standard treatment option for MIBC patients. 2. for patients with locally progressive MIBC (usually with peripheral tissue/organ invasion but without distant metastasis), systemic systemic therapy combined with local therapy, such as systemic chemotherapy combined with surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy combined with local radiotherapy, etc., is the standard treatment for MIBC. 3. For patients with metastatic MIBC (patients with distant metastases), systemic systemic therapy combined with supportive therapy, such as systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy (PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors, etc.). In addition, patients with comorbidities, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, cancer pain, and urinary retention, need to receive supportive treatment, such as indwelling catheterization and analgesia. If bladder tumor is suspected or diagnosed, it is recommended to go to a regular hospital for comprehensive assessment of the condition, follow the doctor’s instructions to cooperate with the treatment, and choose the appropriate treatment plan to avoid delaying the condition. Please strictly follow the doctor’s instructions for medication, and do not use medication on your own.