This is a set of alarming figures: the World Cancer Report estimated that the number of cancer incidence in China was 3.065 million in 2012, accounting for about one-fifth of the global incidence; the number of cancer deaths was 2.205 million, accounting for about one-fourth of the global cancer deaths. From what the National Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Office and medical experts in the east, middle and west have learned and some clinical statistics, the current cancer incidence and mortality rates in China are on a continuous growth trend due to the aging population and other reasons. What is even more serious is that this momentum has not been effectively curbed. According to the forecast of International Agency for Research on Cancer, if no effective measures are taken, the number of cancer incidence and death in China will rise to 4 million and 3 million by 2020, and 5 million and 3.5 million by 2030. The incidence rate of cancer in China is close to the world level, but the death rate is higher than the world level. Ji Jafu, president of Peking University Cancer Hospital, said this is firstly due to objective reasons such as ethnicity and cancer spectrum. The most common cancers among white people in Europe and America are those with survival rates of more than 80%, such as prostate cancer and breast cancer, while those common in our country are lung cancer, liver cancer and digestive tract cancer, which have survival rates of less than 30%. Experts in cancer prevention and treatment believe that one important reason for the high mortality rate of cancer is that most cancers in China are found to be in the middle and late stages. Cheng Shujun, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and vice president of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, said that the incidence of cancer in the United States has decreased in recent years, and its 5-year survival rate is about 60% to 70%, while the 5-year survival rate of tumor patients in China is about 30%. “U.S. tumor patients have a high 5-year survival rate because they have a higher percentage of early-stage cancer patients.” Cheng Shujun said that most of the patients treated for tumors in China are late stage patients, and the proportion of early stage patients is less, so the treatment effect is of course poor. For example, lung cancer, more than 80 percent of lung cancer diagnosed in Beijing are in the middle and late stages, and the prognosis is very unsatisfactory, while about half of the early stage lung cancer patients in Europe and America. The results of the third national survey on the causes of death show that the composition of tumor deaths among urban and rural residents in China is changing, and the mortality rates of lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and bladder cancer, which are related to the environment and lifestyle, are on the rise. The 2012 China Tumor Registry Annual Report released by the National Cancer Center shows that the first place of malignant tumor incidence in the national tumor registry area is lung cancer, followed by the high incidence of stomach cancer, which increases not only the patients’ pain and suffering, but also brings heavy economic burden to families and society. The relevant information estimates that the annual national outpatient and inpatient expenses caused by tumors are tens of billions of yuan, which is much higher than the medical expenses of other chronic diseases and is one of the important factors of the rising total health costs. The results of the third sample survey on the causes of death in China in 2006 showed that in the past 30 years, the mortality rate of breast cancer has increased by 96%, while the mortality rate of lung cancer has soared by 465%. Currently lung cancer accounts for 22.7% of all cancer deaths and has become the number one killer of cancer deaths in China. “The incidence of lung cancer increases with age, and the rise in the incidence of lung cancer among people starting at the age of 35 is accelerating.” Wang Ning, deputy director of Beijing Cancer Control Office, said the incidence of lung cancer in Beijing has increased by about 43 percent in 10 years. According to the Beijing Office of Tumor Prevention and Control, a total of 8,220 new cases of lung cancer were reported in Beijing in 2012, accounting for 20.39 percent of new cases of malignant tumors, including 5,043 cases in men, with an incidence rate of 77.94/100,000; 3,177 cases in women, with an incidence rate of 49.59/100,000; and a male to female ratio of 159:100.