Leukemia, lymphoma and other hematological malignancies are major diseases that seriously endanger people’s life and health. In recent years, blood diseases have made great progress and even major breakthroughs in the direction of pathogenesis, molecular markers, targeted drugs, etc. The 5-year survival of patients with hematological malignancies has increased to 60%-90%, gradually changing from “incurable” to “curable”. The disease is gradually changing from “incurable” to “curable”. On the one hand, the development of hematologic malignancies in China has benefited from global medical advances, and on the other hand, the original achievements of Chinese scholars in the fields of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), t(8;21) AML, chronic granulocytic leukemia (CML), and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have become the “driving force” for the advancement of hematologic malignancies worldwide. “The original achievements of Chinese scholars have become the driving force for the advancement of global hematologic malignancies. Actively drawing on the world academic frontier and learning its research methods, forming an original and standardized system with Chinese characteristics, and expanding international influence through cooperation are the core of the current development of the field of hematologic malignancies in China. In the era of chemotherapy alone, APL was the most dangerous type of leukemia, prone to complications such as diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC), with an early mortality rate of up to 30% and a complete remission (CR) rate of less than 70% on initial treatment. In the 1980s and 1990s, under the leadership and promotion of the Shanghai Institute of Hematology, the clinical application of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) increased the CR rate to 90% on initial treatment of APL and reduced the early mortality rate to <5%< span="">. Research teams in Harbin, Shanghai, and Beijing extracted active ingredients from the traditional Chinese medicine “arsenic” and “xionghuang” and introduced arsenic into APL treatment, further reducing the recurrence rate of APL. The Shanghai Institute of Hematology has confirmed the mechanism of arsenic in the treatment of APL through a series of mechanism experiments, thus bringing an original therapy with Chinese characteristics to the world. The 5-year disease-free survival rate of APL patients has increased from 35-45% to 90%, making it the first non-transplant curable acute leukemia. The development of a standardized clinical system has been instrumental. The development of a standardized clinical system depends on high-level, multicenter clinical trials. The Shanghai Institute of Hematology and the Institute of Hematology of Peking University organized a prospective randomized controlled trial of oral and intravenous arsenic in combination with ATRA for APL at seven centers across China. This is the first prospective clinical trial in the world to demonstrate the similar efficacy and safety of oral and intravenous arsenic, and promises to lead to a major revolution from inpatient to outpatient treatment of APL. The poor prognosis of arsenic-resistant patients will be a therapeutic challenge and a research hotspot for APL in the future. The Institute of Hematology, Peking University, reported in N Engl J Med the PML gene “mutation hotspot region” (C202-S220) in the presence of arsenic resistance, laying the foundation for stratified treatment of APL drug resistance and sensitivity. Chinese scholars have made special contributions to the global progress of APL treatment, and high-level clinical research and in-depth mechanism research in synchronization with international standards are the key to “Chinese characteristics” hand in hand with the world. AML with t(8;21) (AML-ETO) is a common malignant hematological disease, and the international authoritative guidelines issued by NCCN and others consider this type of disease to be of good prognosis, with high-dose chemotherapy preferred over allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Chinese scholars have made a series of original contributions to the basic research on the pathogenesis of AML-ETO and potential new chemotherapeutic agents. Clinical studies have found that AML-ETO has a 45%-50% relapse rate when relying on high-dose chemotherapy alone, thus requiring early identification of patients at high risk of relapse and more effective treatment. The Institute of Hematology of Peking University has established a system based on risk stratification by monitoring micro residual disease (MRD) dynamically through real-time quantitative PCR: high-dose chemotherapy for low-risk patients and allo-HSCT for high-risk patients, which has reduced the relapse rate from 45%-50% to 15%, and increased the 5-year survival rate from 50%-65% to 82.7%, with an efficacy It has changed the traditional view of domestic and foreign scholars that “this type of AML does not need transplantation”, and realized the risk stratification-guided AML-ETO stratified treatment, which can significantly improve the prognosis. Can the outcome of high-risk patients be further improved after transplantation? The latest national multicenter results show that early post-transplant MRD levels are superior to c-kit mutations in predicting relapse, promising a new “risk stratification and intervention” clinical system. The success of stratified treatment is a microcosm of the overall development of “stratified and personalized” treatment model for hematologic malignancies, through the question “Do I need transplantation after induction chemotherapy?” “Do we need to intervene after transplantation and when?” This is the epitome of the “stratification and personalization” treatment model, which is expected to achieve personalized treatment plans based on the patient’s condition through continuous stratification at several decision points, such as “Do you need transplantation after induction chemotherapy? Are there better molecular markers for AML-ETO? Can they be combined to form a better stratification system? These are the key questions for further clinical research. CML – Continued innovation of molecular based on international progress Targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKls) such as imatinib can inhibit tyrosine kinase activity and revolutionize the treatment system of CML, Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) and other related diseases, and international progress plays a key role in the development of CML treatment in China. How to make a “voice from China” in this context? There has been a lack of evidence-based clinical studies on the treatment options for the accelerated, chronic phase of CML internationally. The Institute of Hematology, Peking University, studied CML patients treated with imatinib or allo-HSCT and showed that imatinib was superior to allo-HSCT in the chronic phase and vice versa in the accelerated phase, which further enriched the CML treatment system and promoted the optimal strategy for CML treatment. From 2007 to 2013, the proportion of CML patients with allo-HSCT in China has decreased from 26% to 3%, and the key to CML treatment is to develop optimal treatment strategies based on quantitative levels of BCR/ABL fusion genes, but the results are not directly comparable due to the inconsistency of laboratory methods among centers, which severely limits the development of multicenter clinical trials in China. The Institute of Hematology of Peking University has been internationally accredited to establish the only international standard PCR reference laboratory in China, and is responsible for the accreditation of 23 centers nationwide. The standardization of laboratory results further promotes the establishment of the “CML Consortium” in China, which is expected to continue innovation through scientifically designed high-level multicenter clinical trials. HSCT is an effective method to cure hematological malignancies, but due to the existence of immune barrier, it has long been limited to HLA compatible cases, but only 25% of HLA compatible cases among siblings, and as China’s one-child families have become the mainstay of society, sibling compatible donors are increasingly scarce; the success rate of donations from non-blood donors such as the Chinese Bone Marrow Bank is only 11%. Therefore, the lack of donor source is a major problem in the field of HSCT for a long time, which hinders the wide application of HSCT, and there is an urgent need to develop the technology and system of haploidentical HSCT such as “parent-to-child”. Based on the long-term mechanism of cytokine-induced immune tolerance, the Institute of Hematology of Peking University has developed an international original “Beijing model” of haploidentical transplantation system: (1) The combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is identified as the key to cross the immune barrier: G-CSF can induce immune tolerance by regulating the immune tolerance of the graft components. (2) established the superiority of haploidentical transplantation over chemotherapy: haploidentical HSCT is more effective than chemotherapy in AML (intermediate to high risk), acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first complete remission; (3) demonstrated that haploidentical transplantation is as effective as unrelated transplantation and has better quality of life than sibling transplantation (3) demonstrated that haploidentical transplantation is as effective as unrelated transplantation and has better quality of life than sibling-identical transplantation; (4) established individualized transplantation protocols for different hematologic diseases: aplastic anemia, based on systemic radiotherapy (TBI) and ATG pretreatment protocols; (5) established the rule of optimal haploidentical donor selection: optimal donor selection based on kinship, resulting in lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease, lower recurrence rate, and improved survival. Long-term follow-up of large number of cases showed that the 3-year disease-free survival rate of haploidentical leukemia patients after haploidentical transplantation was 68% and 49% for high-risk leukemia, which was better than that of well-known transplantation centers in Europe and America during the same period. The “Beijing model” is suitable for national conditions and has completely solved the key clinical problem of lack of donor sources, ushering in a new era of transplant donors for all: the technology has been extended to cover major transplant centers in China as a routine clinical application, and haploidentical donors have developed into the primary donor source other than matched sibling transplants in China (accounting for 30% of allo- HSCT) and is used in overseas centers such as Italy. The development of haploidentical transplantation in China confirms the influence of China’s original hematologic malignancy technology on the international arena after its standardized development into a comprehensive system, and there is an urgent need for more clinical technologies with both international originality and standardization to be born and grow in China. The development of hematologic malignancies in China fully demonstrates the 3P medical concept of preventive, predictable and personalized. The field of hematologic malignancies in China will embrace a bright future.