First, what is dystonia? Dystonia is a movement disorder syndrome in which some circuits in the brain are abnormal, causing uncoordinated or excessive contraction of muscles in the face, trunk and limbs, and ultimately leading to strange movements and abnormal postures in patients. Second, what are the manifestations of dystonia? The manifestations of dystonia are varied, according to the different parts of the body can have the following manifestations: 1, repeated and continuous blinking, can not open after closing the eyes (blepharospasm) 2, difficult to autonomously extend the tongue, spit out the tongue, open the mouth, etc. (oro-mandibular dystonia) 3, involuntarily twisting the neck and lead to the neck twisting, tilting backward, flexion, tilting forward, etc. (spasmodic strabismus) 4, writing, playing the piano, playing the computer body appears strange posture (writing spasm, musician’s hand, musician’s hand, computer). Writing spasm, musician’s hand, postural task dystonia) 5, involuntary twisting of limbs and trunk or abnormally fixed posture (torsion spasm) 3. Twisting, repetitive movements and abnormal posture will itself seriously affect daily life, bringing great psychological and physical pain to the patient. With the prolongation of the disease can also cause pain, muscle contracture, bone deformity and gradually appear the loss of daily exercise ability, functional blindness and other manifestations. Fourth, what are the internal medicine treatments for dystonia? 1, etiological treatment: for some special types of dystonia can be treated by oral medication, such as dopa-responsive dystonia, seizure dystonia, etc. 2, oral drugs: Antan, clonazepam, nitrovalerol, baclofen, haloperidol, and buphenazine, etc. However, the efficacy of oral drugs is limited. However, oral drugs have limited efficacy and big side effects. 3.Botulinum toxin injection treatment: It is effective for dystonia with a single involved part, and some dystonia with more than 2 involved parts can also try botulinum toxin injection treatment. However, for some patients with poor results, other treatments, such as surgery, should be considered. V. Surgical treatment of dystonia 1. Who is suitable for peripheral nerve or muscle dissection? It is suitable for patients with spasmodic strabismus. Electromyography is performed before dissociation, and during the operation, the spastic contracted muscles are judged by electrical nerve stimulation, and part of the nerves that cause neck spasm are cut off selectively, or part of the spastic contracted muscles are dissociated. 2.Who is suitable for Deep brain stimulation (DBS)? For patients with primary dystonia, including generalized and segmental dystonia, and partial dystonia, DBS is very safe and effective. For refractory spastic diplopia, DBS should be considered when botulinum toxin injections have been tried and remain ineffective. Currently, the commonly used targets for stimulation are the medial nucleus of the pallidum or the thalamic floor nucleus. Deep brain electrical stimulation may also be considered for certain patients with secondary dystonia, such as Huntington’s chorea, echinococcosis, pantothenic acid kinase-related neurodegenerative disease and and delayed-onset dystonia due to the use of psychotropic medications.