Congenital cryptorchidism is the congenital absence of testicles in the scrotum and includes testicular ectopic and incomplete testicular descent. Testicular ectopic refers to the testicle leaving the normal descending pathway and reaching the suprapubic and perineal areas. Incomplete testicular descent is when the testicle does not descend into the scrotum after birth and stays somewhere on the way down. Cryptorchidism can be caused by a number of conditions, including adhesions occurring between the testicular tunica vaginalis and the peritoneum, abnormal development of the testicular vasculature, fusion of the testes and their enlargement, thus preventing them from descending, and ligaments pulling the testes that are too short or absent. Children with congenital cryptorchidism usually have no conscious symptoms and are often found on physical examination. The diagnosis is made when the testicle is not found in the scrotum during the examination. Cryptorchidism can be complicated by decreased fertility or infertility, testicular torsion, testicular malformation, testicular injury, and congenital inguinal hernia. In terms of treatment, human chorionic gonadotropin can be given within 1 year of age. If hormonal treatment is not effective, surgical treatment, i.e., descending testicular fixation, is an option.