Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery

Gallbladder stones, cholecystitis, with choledocholithiasis, can usually be minimally invasive surgery with laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy. Surgery is divided into two categories: First, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration to remove stones, T-tube drainage, which is currently the most important surgical method, the need to carry a biliary drainage tube for 6-8 weeks after surgery, after imaging shows that the choledochal system is normal, and then remove the biliary drainage tube; the second laparoscopic cholecystectomy and choledochal duct exploration and removal of stones, T-tube drainage, which retains the gallbladder, and in other respects is the same as the first surgical method, but This procedure requires that the patient’s gallbladder size is basically normal, the gallbladder wall is not too thick, the gallbladder stones are not too many, and the gallbladder is functioning well, and there is a certain recurrence rate of gallbladder stones after the operation, so the choice of this procedure needs to be careful. In recent years, we have also carried out laparoscopic cholecystectomy or bile-sparing stone extraction, choledochotomy with one-stage suture, in which no biliary drain is placed during the operation, and the choledochotomy is sutured immediately after the removal of the stone, which avoids the inconvenience of the patient’s long-term biliary drain. However, this surgical procedure needs to ensure that the stone is removed during the operation, and it requires that there is no congestion and edema of the wall of the choledochotomy, that the inflammation in the choledochotomy is not serious, that the choledochotomy is smooth, and that the bile ducts are tightly sutured, which cannot lead to the formation of biliary stones. The choledochal duct should be patent, tightly sutured, and should not lead to stricture of the choledochal duct. We have done all of the above surgical methods in recent years, with the first conventional surgical method being done most often. Of course, if the patient has serious intra-abdominal adhesions, edema and inflammation of the gallbladder triangle, which is not easy to separate, and the inflammation of the bile ducts is heavy, and the patient’s cardiorespiratory function is poor and cannot tolerate carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, the laparoscopic surgery is more difficult and dangerous, and the open surgery is needed.