According to the symptoms of bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy: pallor, dizziness, weakness, weakness of the waist and knees, nausea and vomiting, poor sleep, sleeplessness, irritability and sweating, fever and bleeding tendency, they are mostly classified as “blood deficiency” and “deficiency labor” in Chinese medicine. Chemotherapeutic drugs can be considered as drug toxins, which can cause deficiency of both qi and blood, loss of harmony between yin and yang, loss of internal organs, or direct injury to bone marrow and essence, leading to marrow deficiency, kidney deficiency, and essence depletion, resulting in damage to the original source and lack of source of blood production, or damage to the spleen and stomach transportation, resulting in no source of qi and blood biochemistry. Combined with “the bone marrow is strong, and the Qi and Blood are all derived from it”, “the kidney is the master of the bone and produces the marrow”, “the kidney contains the essence, and the Blood is transformed by the essence”, “the middle jiao receives the Qi and extracts the juice, which changes and becomes red. It is called blood”, summarizing that the disease is located in the bone marrow and is closely related to the spleen and kidney. Especially the deficiency of spleen and kidney is the most critical. Qi deficiency and essence deficiency lead to blood deficiency, and Qi deficiency can also lead to blood stasis, causing many changes. This evidence is mostly based on the deficiency of spleen and kidney, and the main pathological link is the interconnection of poison and blood stasis. Chinese medicine treatment of post-chemotherapy myelosuppression mostly adopts the treatment methods of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney, benefiting the qi and nourishing the blood, nourishing the yin and generating fluid, either alone or in combination, always with evidence-based treatment and individualized treatment. In recent years, some scholars have also proposed the idea of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis to treat bone marrow suppression after radiotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine ten whole tonic soup can significantly change the bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy. The effect of Tortoise and Deer Erxian Dan Plus for the treatment of bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy for breast cancer. The results showed that the use of the Chinese herbal medicine Gui Lu Er Xian Dan Plus Wei during chemotherapy for breast cancer could effectively reduce the bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy and decrease the use rate of recombinant human colony-stimulating factor, and the prevention and treatment of post-chemotherapy leukocyte and platelet reduction was significantly better than that of shark liver alcohol. The treatment of bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy for cervical cancer with Liu Jun Zi Tang plus or minus showed that Liu Jun Zi Tang could elevate white blood cells and platelets with significant efficacy. It showed that Liu Jun Zi Tang could elevate leukocytes and platelets with significant efficacy. Chinese medicine treatment for bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy for malignant tumors is based on the combination of clinical manifestations of the patients and the diagnosis and treatment, starting from the spleen and kidney, and synthesizing the treatment experience of various medical practitioners. By strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney, together with nourishing the yin and nourishing the blood, the treatment of post-chemotherapy bone marrow suppression is effective and has mild toxic side effects, which is welcomed by patients.