Emphysema (emphysema is a pathological condition in which the airways at the distal end of the terminal fine bronchi (respiratory fine bronchi, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli) are hypoelastic, hyperinflated, inflated and have increased lung volume or are accompanied by destruction of the airway walls. (There are several types of emphysema according to their pathogenesis: senile emphysema, compensatory emphysema, interstitial emphysema, focal emphysema, paracentral emphysema, and obstructive emphysema.) The patient’s physical signs, with a pendulous heart. What are its examination methods? 1.X-ray The use of X-ray is mainly to detect lesions in bones, but it is also quite useful for detecting lesions in soft tissues. Common examples are chest X-rays, which are used to diagnose lung diseases such as pneumonia, lung cancer or emphysema, and abdominal X-rays, which are used to detect intestinal obstruction, free gas (freeair, due to visceral perforation) and free fluid (freefluid). The use of X-rays for diagnosis is controversial in some cases, such as stones (which have little to no blocking effect on X-rays) or kidney stones (which are generally, but not always, visible). 2. Electrocardiography The heart is excited by the pacing point, atria, and ventricles in succession during each cardiac cycle, accompanied by bioelectrical changes, and the graphs of multiple forms of potential changes elicited from the body surface through an electrocardiographic tracer are called electrocardiograms. ECG is an objective indicator of the process of occurrence, propagation and recovery of cardiac excitation. ECG is an important tool to help determine whether the electrical activity of the heart is normal, and is the earliest, most commonly used and most basic diagnostic method in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. 3.Pulmonary function test Pulmonary function test is one of the necessary tests for respiratory system diseases. Pulmonary function test includes ventilation function, air exchange function, respiratory regulation function and pulmonary circulation function. It is important for early detection of lung and airway lesions, assessment of disease severity and prognosis, evaluation of the efficacy of drugs or other treatments, identification of the causes of dyspnea, diagnosis of lesion sites, assessment of lung function on the tolerance of surgery or labor intensity tolerance and monitoring of critically ill patients. 4.Sputum immunological examination Sputum immunological examination is one of the sputum examination methods to determine the immunoglobulin in sputum.