Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg without anti-hypertensive medication. approximately 19% (about 160 million) of people in China suffer from hypertension. In hypertensive patients, the filtration pressure of the glomerulus is increased, resulting in an increase in the pressure within the glomerulus as well. This is like a sieve filtering through the side of the increased pressure, filtering through more things. This is why it is easy to develop proteinuria when you have hypertension, because the protein is filtered out by the increased pressure when passing through the “sieve” and leaks into the urine. Over time, this “sieve” itself has undergone some changes, which is often referred to as glomerular filtration membrane lesions. The essence of hypertensive nephropathy is the sclerosis of the small arteries of the kidney leading to glomerular tubular lesions, resulting in proteinuria, which will later develop into renal insufficiency, the most serious stage of renal insufficiency is uremia. Most patients with hypertensive nephropathy do not have obvious discomfort and must be diagnosed through some special tests, thus they are mostly ignored in the early stage. The earliest clinical manifestation of renal damage caused by hypertension is increased nocturia. Before that, routine blood and urine tests are often normal, but the application of more sensitive tests can detect urinary abnormalities, the most important of which is increased urinary microalbumin excretion. Once a patient with hypertension develops increased urinary microalbumin excretion, more attention should be paid to the treatment of hypertension, as this means that significant damage to the kidneys, heart, brain and other organs may soon follow. In turn, kidney disease is an important cause of hypertension, and they are mutually beneficial. Many diseases, such as renal disease, renal vascular disease, and endocrine disease, can cause hypertension, and these hypertensions are called secondary hypertension. And kidney disease causes hypertension is the most common of secondary hypertension. There are many reasons and mechanisms why kidney disease can cause hypertension, and people generally have two explanations for the mechanism: one is the increased secretion of renin, which causes vasoconstriction; the other is excessive blood volume due to water and sodium retention. It can be seen that hypertension and nephropathy are mutually causal, and if left unchecked, a vicious circle will be formed. Patients with hypertension need a low-salt, low-fat, low-calorie diet. If there is also kidney disease, the diet should be restricted accordingly to the kidney function. The goals of our treatment are: first, to lower blood pressure; second, to protect the kidneys; and third, to reduce or slow the onset of uremia. Finally, we would like to draw your attention to the following: (1) When hypertension is first detected, a comprehensive examination must be done to clarify the presence of kidney disease, especially if you are under 40 years old, or with diabetes, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia and gout, with edema, urinary foam, nocturia and lumbar acidity, etc., with a family history of kidney disease; (2) For the treatment of hypertension, it is very important to know how to protect the kidneys. (3) When hypertension becomes difficult to control, the combination of kidney disease should be considered; (4) Regular urine tests are important to predict heart disease and stroke, etc.; (5) When hypertension and kidney disease are present at the same time, the selection and use of antihypertensive drugs must be careful.