Starting from puberty, the endometrium thickens and sheds with the changes of estrogen and progesterone secreted by the ovaries in the body to form menstruation during each biological cycle of a woman. Therefore, the thickness of the endometrium changes during different periods of menstruation. After menopause, the ovarian function declines and without the support of estrogen and progesterone, the endometrium no longer undergoes cyclic changes, but atrophy changes and the size of the uterus gradually decreases. The endometrial thickness of menopausal women should be less than 4-5mm. If there is abnormal echo in the uterine cavity by ultrasound or the endometrial thickness exceeds this value, diagnostic scraping is needed and the scraped endometrium will be sent to the pathology department for histological examination, because the thickened endometrium after menopause must be alert to the possibility of endometrial cancer, especially for the combination of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, breast cancer or the application of patients on hormone replacement therapy with a single estrogen. For postoperative pathology suggesting atypical endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial cancer, timely treatment should be given accordingly; if the endometrial pathology is only simple hyperplasia or atrophic endometrium, normal follow-up is sufficient and no special treatment is needed. For patients with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding and endometrial thickening, diagnostic scraping should be performed to clarify the diagnosis.