1.What is fasting blood sampling? Fasting blood sampling does not mean not eating the night before blood sampling, but should maintain the usual living habits, normal light diet, no alcohol, no coffee and strong tea, rest well, no breakfast on the morning of blood sampling, little or no water, no morning exercise, calmly go to the hospital and wait for blood collection. Pay attention to the time of dinner should not be too late, generally the end time of dinner and the next morning blood collection time should be more than 8 hours apart. For patients with chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, asthma and heart disease, taking medication with a small amount of plain water has little effect on the test, but sugary drinks and dairy products should not be consumed. If the patient’s triglycerides are particularly high, it may affect the accuracy of other lipid tests, and it is necessary to eat a vegetarian diet for a few days before doing a fasting blood test. 2. What are the items that require fasting blood tests and why? (1) Blood glucose and glycated serum protein, the former refers to 8-12 hours of fasting from the dinner of the previous day to the next morning, and the blood glucose level is measured at 6:00-8:00 a.m., more than 10:00 a.m. after the “super fasting” blood glucose will affect the results of the test. Glycated serum protein can reflect the average blood glucose level in the past 4 weeks, and its result is positively correlated with the blood glucose concentration. (2) Lipids: Lipid levels are closely related to food intake and are significantly higher after meals than before meals, so fasting blood must be checked. (3) Liver function reflects the hepatic metabolism, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), total bile acids and ¡-glutamyltranspeptidase (¡-GT), etc., and protein metabolism, such as total protein (TPO), albumin (ALB), and globulin (GLO), etc., which are greatly affected by diet and need to be checked on an empty stomach. (4) Renal function (including uric acid) urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and uric acid (UA) are greatly affected by diet and exercise, and require fasting. (5) Blood electrolytes include potassium (K), sodium (Na), chloride (C1), calcium (ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P), etc., and eating will affect the results. (6) Immunoglobulin, rheumatoid factor, anti-“O” and C-reactive protein are currently used in most hospitals for turbidimetric testing, because the instrument is not specific for turbidity identification, in order to prevent the serum specimen from influencing it, the requirement for fasting blood. In addition to the above items, other items do not strictly require fasting test, but from the accuracy and reference significance, it is best to fasting for good. 3, fasting blood can take drugs? Generally speaking, employees do not need to stop taking medication before the routine physical examination, especially for patients with chronic underlying diseases, it is best not to stop taking medication without authorization, otherwise serious consequences may occur. For example, diabetic patients can’t take hypoglycemic drugs before checking fasting blood sugar, and then take drugs after fasting blood sampling, while hypertensive patients should take antihypertensive drugs before medical checkup.4. Prevention and treatment of symptoms related to blood sampling Generally, blood sampling won’t aggravate the condition and affect the health, so there is no need to be concerned and afraid. In rare cases, the following situations may occur, which can be solved by appropriate treatment: (1) Dizziness may be due to excessive weakness or nervousness of the patient or faintness of the needle, which is mildly characterized by pallor, weakness, dizziness, nausea, sweating, etc. Let the patient lie down quietly to rest, or give him or her some warm tea or sugar water. Generally after rest, the patient’s symptoms will disappear. In case of serious illness, send the patient to the emergency room for treatment. (2) hematoma subcutaneous bleeding is usually due to improper compression of hemostasis, if there is no underlying disease, it can gradually disappear after a few days. (3) Infection is not careful to protect the cleanliness of the needle puncture site, sometimes infection, redness and swelling can occur, encountered in this case need to go to the hospital in time to ask the doctor to deal with.