OVERVIEW
Encephalitis B vaccination is an effective measure to prevent epidemic encephalitis B. Epidemic encephalitis B, or simply encephalitis B, is an acute infectious disease affecting the central nervous system caused by an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family, Encephalitis B. It is a zoonotic disease transmitted by mosquitoes and infects many animals (poultry and birds). It is a zoonotic disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Humans and many animals (domestic animals, poultry and birds) infected with the B virus can become the source of infection of B encephalitis, which is mainly transmitted through mosquito bites.
Significance of Vaccination
Encephalitis B often causes death or neurological sequelae. The main manifestations at the onset of the disease include fever, headache, vomiting, loss of appetite, irritability, sluggishness and drowsiness in small infants, and children often have convulsions, cranial nerve paralysis, ataxia, limb paralysis or ankylosis, and in severe cases, coma or even death. The case fatality rate reaches 10% to 20%, and about 30% of the affected children have sequelae, such as dementia, aphasia, limb paralysis or ankylosis, epilepsy, mental disorders, and mental retardation. Vaccination against BSE will enable the body to develop enough immunity to prevent the disease from developing even if infected.
Types of Encephalitis B Vaccine
Currently, the most commonly used vaccine for encephalitis B is the live attenuated encephalitis B vaccine.
Vaccination Targets and Procedures
Live attenuated vaccine is made by freeze-drying the attenuated strain of epidemic encephalitis B virus with additional protective agent after cultivation and belongs to the first class of vaccine and is free of charge. The first dose of the vaccine is given to children at 8 months of age as basic immunization, and the second dose is given to children at 2 weeks of age.
Contraindications
1. Allergy to any ingredients (including excipients and antibiotics) contained in the vaccine.
2. Acute diseases, severe chronic diseases, acute exacerbation of chronic diseases or fever.
3. Pregnant women.
4. Immunodeficiency, immunocompromised or under immunosuppressive therapy.
5. persons with a history of convulsions, encephalopathy, uncontrolled epilepsy and other progressive neurological disorders.
Adverse Reactions
Adverse reactions to B vaccination are rare. Redness, swelling, heat and pain may occur at the main vaccination site, which can be self-healed in 1 to 2 days. Occasionally, scattered skin rashes may appear, which do not require special treatment. Very few vaccinees have hypoplasia, eosinophilia, glomerulonephritis or thrombocytopenic purpura.
Precautions
1. It should be noted that the vaccination should be completed one month before the epidemic season.
2. It should be noted that when opening the vial and injecting the vaccine, do not let the disinfectant touch the vaccine; if the vaccine is found to have lumps that cannot be shaken after dissolution, or the vial is cracked or the vaccine turns red before dissolution, it cannot be used; the vaccine should be used up within one hour after dissolution, and those that have not been used up should be discarded.
3. Healthy children above 8 months of age and other healthy people from non-endemic areas are the target of vaccination.
4. Adverse reactions to this vaccine are relatively rare. A few children may have transient fever reaction to B-brain vaccination, but it usually does not last more than 2 days and can be relieved on its own. Occasionally, there are scattered skin rashes, which generally do not require special treatment.
5. Precautions for encephalitis B vaccination: the vaccination method for children is the first subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml at the attachment of deltoid muscle on the lateral side of the upper arm, a booster injection of 0.5 ml at the age of 2 years, and another injection of 0.5 ml at the age of 7 years, and the vaccination method for other people can refer to the immunization procedure for children.
6. People suffering from fever, acute infectious diseases, otitis media, active tuberculosis and diseases of heart, liver, kidney, etc., people with weak constitution, history of allergy or epilepsy, people with congenital immunodeficiencies, people who have recently or are undergoing immunosuppressive treatment and pregnant women should not be injected with live attenuated encephalitis B vaccine.