1.Lifestyle management of hypertensive patients
(1) Reasonable diet: reasonable diet can reduce systolic blood pressure by 8 to 14 mmHg, principle: low salt, low fat, low calories.
(2) Eat more vegetables and fruits.
(3) moderate exercise: regular physical exercise can reduce systolic blood pressure by 4-9mmHg, three principles of exercise: constant, regular exercise, orderly, gradual, moderate: moderate exercise according to physical fitness and age
(4) weight control: adjust the diet structure, control calorie intake, eat less high-fat, high-cholesterol food, such as fatty meat, animal offal, fried food, adhere to regular exercise, prepare a scale, and often measure weight
(5) Quit smoking and limit alcohol: smoking increases the risk of heart disease by 2-4 times, and limiting alcohol can reduce systolic blood pressure by 2-4 mmHg.
(6) Psychological balance: pay attention to hypertension, do not be nervous, usually maintain an optimistic mood, contentedness, pay attention to relieve tension and mental stress
2, hypertension patients antihypertensive management
The current way to measure blood pressure.
Office blood pressure: the diagnosis of hypertension is based on this, but it does not represent the overall blood pressure.
Home self-measured blood pressure: it can exclude white coat hypertension, and can reflect the long-term situation of blood pressure for several days, weeks or months or years, and evaluate the variation of blood pressure over a long period of time.
Ambulatory blood pressure: reflects the overall level of blood pressure at different times of the day, diagnoses morning peak hypertension and nocturnal hypertension, and evaluates blood pressure variability over short periods of time.
(1) Common types of blood pressure variation
①Arytenoid blood pressure
(2) Non-Arytenoidal blood pressure
(3) Super arytenoid blood pressure
④Anti-ryptoid blood pressure
⑤ Morning hypertension
(2) Emphasize individualized antihypertensive target and slow and steady blood pressure reduction
Antihypertensive target: general hypertension <140/90mmHg
Systolic blood pressure <140mmhg in the elderly (>65 years old)
With kidney disease, coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus to <130/80mmHg
Patients with coronary artery disease should be concerned when their diastolic blood pressure is below 60mmHg.
The way to lower blood pressure: lowering blood pressure is not the faster the better
For the elderly, patients with longer disease duration or target organ damage or complications, blood pressure should be lowered more slowly
Three standards of smoothness: starting, morning and long-term standards
Two habits: correct the concept of lowering blood pressure as fast as possible, blood pressure should come down slowly
Develop the habit of monitoring early morning blood pressure and blood pressure before taking medication
Three insist: insist on long-term medication
Insist on measuring blood pressure in the morning and before medication
Insist on long-term communication with the doctor