The hypothalamus is also known as the hypothalamus. It is located on the ventral surface of the brain, below the thalamus, and is the higher nerve center that regulates visceral and endocrine activity. The hypothalamus is usually divided into three regions from anterior to posterior: the superior optic nucleus, which is located above the optic chiasm and consists of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei; the nodal region, which is located behind the funiculus; and the papillary region, which is located in the body of the papillae. The hypothalamus is located below the hypothalamic hook and forms the inferior wall of the third ventricle, which is not well defined and extends downward to connect with the pituitary stalk. Although the hypothalamus is small in area, it receives many nerve impulses and is therefore the center of the endocrine and nervous systems. They regulate anterior pituitary function, synthesize pituitary hormones and control autonomic and vegetative functions. Hypothalamic damage: A series of symptoms caused by hypothalamic damage due to various causes, mainly endocrine metabolic disorders, accompanied by dysfunctional syndromes of the vegetative nervous system, including sleep, body temperature, feeding, sexual dysfunction, urolithiasis, and mental abnormalities. There are many causes of hypothalamic damage, so to prevent hypothalamic damage, we should find the cause, prevent and treat the symptoms. First of all, it is important to avoid trauma, including injuries caused by external trauma and surgery, radiotherapy, etc. Active prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, including viral encephalitis, epidemic encephalitis, tuberculous septic meningitis, smallpox, measles and other vaccination-induced encephalitis. Prevent and treat various tumors, such as suspensory cell tumors, acidophilic or basophilic cell tumors, and plasmacytomas. Avoid the influence of drugs such as chlorpromazine and reserpine. Do preconception and prenatal checkups to prevent congenital or hereditary hypothalamic damage.