OVERVIEW
Overview.
Intestinal anaerobic infections are inflammatory lesions of the mucosa of the intestinal wall caused by infection with anaerobic bacteria. Clostridium difficile can cause pseudomembranous enteritis, Clostridium perfringens can cause acute food poisoning, and Clostridium perfringens type C can cause necrotizing enterocolitis.
Whether medical insurance
yes
Department
Gastroenterology
Clinical Symptoms
Diarrhea with fever and abdominal pain.
Hazards
Severe cases can be life-threatening due to shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, intestinal bleeding, or intestinal perforation.
Complications
Shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, intestinal hemorrhage, intestinal perforation, vascular embolism, and toxic megacolon.
Examination
Blood routine, routine fecal culture, abdominal X-ray film, etc.
Diagnosis
Preliminary diagnosis can be made based on the epidemiological history, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other manifestations, combined with the results of fecal culture.
Treatment principle
Treat the cause of the disease and provide supportive and symptomatic treatment.
Curability
Prognosis is good for mild cases and poor for severe cases.
Dietary advice
A low-fat, high protein diet with little residue and easy digestion is recommended.
Etiology
Epidemiology
The incidence is low in the population, and is most common in the elderly, the severely ill, and patients with advanced failure.
Etiology
Caused by dietary contamination or irrational application of antibiotics.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
The disease varies in severity. Diarrhea is the most dominant symptom, and other gastrointestinal symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Systemic symptoms often include high fever, depression, malaise and confusion, and in severe cases, the patient may enter a state of shock.
Diagnostic basis
1. abdominal pain, diarrhea with nausea, vomiting and fever. 2. most of the patients have pressure pain in the abdomen, intestinal sounds are weakened or strengthened. 3. peripheral blood leukocytosis, neutrophils increase the proportion of neutrophils. 4. stool routine can be seen in the red blood cells and leukocytes, fecal occult blood is positive, fecal culture can be found in the causative organisms. 5. abdominal X-ray can show intestinal obstruction.
Treatment
Treatment guideline
Treat the cause of the disease and provide symptomatic supportive treatment.
Drug therapy
Active control of intestinal infection can control the condition and relieve symptoms, and drugs should be selected according to the specific condition and drug sensitivity results. Commonly used drugs include benzylpenicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, vancomycin, metronidazole and so on.
Surgical treatment
If the symptoms of intestinal obstruction are obvious and signs of surgical emergency abdomen appear, surgical treatment should be considered.
Other treatments
1. General treatment: bed rest, fasting, until the vomiting stops, the number of diarrhea reduces, abdominal pain is reduced before entering the liquid diet, and then increase the amount as appropriate. 2. During the fasting period should be fed intravenously with high-nutritional fluids, to correct the water and electrolyte disorders. Antispasmodics can be given for abdominal pain.3. Anti-shock, rapidly replenish the effective circulating blood volume.
Prognosis
In mild cases, the symptoms can be relieved by stopping antibacterial drugs for a few days, and in severe cases, electrolyte disorders, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, intestinal hemorrhage or intestinal perforation can easily occur and fall into a critical state, with a poorer prognosis.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Open windows and ventilate regularly, keep the environment quiet and clean, and maintain appropriate temperature and humidity. 2. Reasonable arrangement of work and rest time, combination of work and rest, to avoid overwork and high mental tension. 3. Regular life, ensure sufficient sleep. 4.
Diet
Eat less residue, easy to digest, low fat, high protein diet. Avoid overeating.