Cerebral white matter degeneration is a very common type of disease in clinical practice, which refers to the demyelination of the white matter of the brain due to various causes and can be detected by abnormal density or abnormal signal shadows through head CT or MRI. The most common clinical cause is cerebrovascular disease, such as cerebral infarction or cerebral arteriosclerosis, which can cause demyelination in the white matter of the brain due to ischemia of nerve fibers. Other causes include viral infections, drug intoxication, or genetic disorders such as adrenoleukodystrophy, all of which can cause white matter degeneration. Therefore, once the diagnosis of cerebral white matter degeneration is made, it is necessary to take into account the patient’s age and medical history, as well as other laboratory tests, to identify the specific cause and actively treat the cause.