Coronary heart disease is the abbreviation of “coronary heart disease”, which refers to the heart disease caused by the narrowing or spasm of coronary artery, the blood vessel supplying nutrients to the heart muscle, which reduces the blood flow to the coronary artery and causes ischemia and hypoxia to the heart muscle. Coronary heart disease, as it is generally referred to clinically, mainly refers to coronary artery atherosclerotic heart disease. It is a serious threat to the health of middle-aged and elderly people, and is the leading cause of death in middle-aged and elderly people. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease and the reduction of incidence and death rate have received attention from all over the world. The incidence of coronary heart disease in China is increasing year by year, which seriously affects people’s life and health. Coronary heart disease prevention in the elderly focus: 1, the management of blood pressure hypertension is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. Popularizing health knowledge among the elderly, early detection of hypertension, and timely adoption of effective and safe measures to control blood pressure in the normal range are essential to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Blood pressure should be measured at least twice a year for the elderly, and those with a family history of hypertension or obesity should have their blood pressure monitored at all times, and once elevated blood pressure is detected, it should be dealt with in a timely manner. Hypertension should be managed strictly and the damage to target organs should be fully estimated. Necessary physical examinations include fundoscopy, urine protein test and serum myohepatometry. Left ventricular hypertrophy is an important early marker of ventricular injury due to hypertension. Reasonable blood pressure control can reduce all cardiovascular disease risks, and blood pressure should generally be reduced to below 140/90 mmHg. 2.Lipid management Lipid disorders, especially elevated blood cholesterol, are closely related to the occurrence of coronary heart disease. Active prevention and treatment of lipid disorders is one of the effective ways to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. Prevention of elevated lipids is mainly through non-pharmacological route. In other words, lifestyle changes can be achieved. We should pay attention to low-fat diet, advocate eating more vegetables and foods containing more fiber, strictly limit the intake of animal fat for those with elevated blood lipids, and supplement with lipid-lowering medication if necessary, and strive to keep blood lipids at normal levels. For individuals at high risk and those with hypercholesterolemia, fasting is used to determine lipids. Statins can significantly lower total and LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol. Niacin lowers total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and increases HDL cholesterol. 3, blood sugar management Diabetes is known as coronary heart disease and other critical diseases, in other words, over is sooner or later diabetic patients will develop coronary heart disease. And after the occurrence of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients, most of them are serious lesions and have poor prognosis. And blood sugar abnormalities can affect the heart, brain, kidney, nervous system and limb arteries and other organs of the body, so the good or bad blood sugar control, directly related to the patient’s future heart, brain, kidney, nerve and other complications and degree. 4, keep a comfortable mood emotional excitement is the enemy of coronary heart disease, work pressure, serious pessimism, anxiety and other bad mood can promote the development of coronary heart disease. Patients with coronary heart disease must maintain peace of mind, a good mood and optimistic and positive attitude. 5, work and rest combination The elderly can engage in some activities within their reach, or less strenuous daily work, which is very beneficial to promote the establishment of coronary collateral circulation. However, if unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction has occurred, attention should be paid to rest. 6, choose the right exercise for yourself The elderly choose the right exercise according to their exercise capacity and the amount of exercise they can tolerate. Generally, they should avoid strenuous exercises and take walks, bicycles, swimming, tai chi and other forms of exercise. Healthy diet for the elderly Since elderly people often suffer from high blood pressure, high blood fat and high blood sugar, they should pay attention to the “four low and two high” diet, i.e. low salt, low fat, low sugar, low calories, high vitamin and high fiber. On the other hand, the elderly should also pay attention to nutritional balance, not to over-emphasize a certain aspect, and cause a new imbalance. The old saying “five grains for nourishment, five fruits for enrichment, five animals for benefit, five vegetables for help” is to warn people to pay attention to the balance of diet and not to be partial. 1, low-salt diet and low-fat diet diet should be light, not too salty. Modern medicine has confirmed that the salt intake in the diet is highly proportional to blood pressure. In particular, an imbalance in the sodium/potassium ratio in the diet (more sodium, less potassium) is an important cause of increased blood pressure. As we age, the body’s ability to metabolize and utilize fats and oils decreases, so if we do not pay attention to lowering the intake of fats and oils in our diet, it is easy to raise blood pressure. It is easy to lead to elevated blood lipids, so advocate a low-fat diet, and minimize the daily diet of animal oil, fatty meat, animal offal, animal brains, egg yolk, roe and other foods containing high cholesterol. 2, low sugar diet and low-calorie diet elderly people regardless of whether blood sugar is elevated, low sugar diet is beneficial to patients, because sugar not only raises blood sugar, but also easily induces obesity and lipid elevation, which are risk factors for coronary heart disease. The calorie supply in the diet of the elderly should be lower than that of young adults. Try to eat less cheese, sweets and other high-calorie foods. Obese patients should reduce their weight through diet control and exercise to reduce the burden on the heart and promote the recovery of heart function. 3, high vitamin diet and high fiber diet vitamins involved in a variety of human metabolism, lack of tissue and organ metabolic disorders, the elderly myocardial cells exist in varying degrees of ischemia, hypoxia, at this time supply enough vitamins to promote myocardial cell metabolism, is conducive to reducing myocardial cell damage or promote the recovery of damaged myocardial cells. Therefore, the elderly should often eat fresh vegetables, bean sprouts, fruits (combined with diabetes should pay attention to the selection of varieties and reduce the amount), melons, seaweed, purple cabbage, fungus, etc.. Fiber not only increases satiety and reduces the amount of food eaten, but also stimulates gastrointestinal motility, promotes the discharge of intestinal toxins and improves constipation. Coronary heart disease treatment Coronary heart disease treatment is a comprehensive and huge project, which requires both accurate diagnosis and reasonable treatment by doctors, and active cooperation from patients to achieve good results. Many patients with coronary heart disease suffer from acute myocardial infarction and die suddenly in time to seek medical attention. Therefore, elderly people, especially those with diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, should consult a doctor as soon as possible if they have precordial pain, shortness of breath, shoulder and back pain, and panic discomfort. There are also many patients with atypical coronary heart disease who feel burning in the chest, epigastric pain, toothache, jaw pain and tightness in the neck, etc. The possibility of coronary heart disease should be considered. Treatment of coronary heart disease includes medication and interventional therapy. Commonly used drugs include nitrates, calcium antagonists, statins, antithrombotics and betablockers, etc., which are traded off according to different conditions and used under the guidance of a cardiologist. Patients with coronary artery disease often need to take several kinds of drugs, some of which may have certain side effects, but they should never stop taking them on their own and should consult a cardiologist in a timely manner. Another common treatment method is stenting. Some lesions are poorly treated with medications, and stenting can significantly improve coronary blood supply, reduce patient pain, and extend patient life. The procedure is now very mature, virtually non-invasive and painful.