Ovarian function in normal women begins to decline at the age of 45-50 years. Premature ovarian failure is defined as ovarian failure before the age of 40 years due to follicular depletion, atresia or medically induced factors in the ovaries of women. The cause of premature ovarian failure is currently unknown and there are no effective means of prevention. Currently, the main treatment is hormone replacement therapy to relieve the symptoms of perimenopause and reduce the occurrence of long-term complications such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, mainly by combined application of estrogen and progestin, which does not increase the risk of endometrial cancer. In cases of premature ovarian failure caused by anovulation, ovulation promotion therapy and egg donation assisted reproduction techniques can be used to address the fertility needs of the patient; for premature ovarian failure caused by autoimmune diseases, adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment can be applied. In addition, new methods such as ovarian transplantation, ovarian tissue and follicle freezing techniques are being developed to bring hope to patients. Premature ovarian failure can seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients, and early diagnosis and treatment are especially important. If treated early, there is a chance of restoring normal ovarian function and reducing the occurrence of complications.