CDKL5 syndrome refers to a collective term for neurological disorders caused by mutations in the CDKL5 gene on the X chromosome. It is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that is most often seen in female children. Typically, the main symptoms are early onset epilepsy, autism, hypotonia, and even motor, cognitive, visual, and language impairments. The CDKL5 gene is located on the X chromosome. The protein it encodes is widely distributed in all tissues, with high levels of expression in the brain, thymus, and testis, and is involved in dendritic polarization, axonal growth, spine formation, and is essential for brain development. Mutations in this gene cause neurodevelopmental deficiencies and a range of conditions. There is currently no effective clinical treatment for cdkl5 syndrome. If the patient has mild symptoms and takes the medication as prescribed by the doctor, it will not have a significant impact on life expectancy.