1, map tongue: is a superficial non-infectious inflammatory disease of the tongue with various forms. It often resembles the borders drawn in a map. The etiology is unknown. May include psychological factors, nutritional factors, local factors, systemic factors. The lesion division is found on the dorsal, apical, and marginal portions of the tongue. The middle of the lesion area shows atrophy of the filiform lingual papillae, with bright red, congested, slightly concave mucosa and thickened peripheral filiform papillae, forming a distinct perimeter with the surrounding normal mucosa. There is a burning sensation with co-infection. Treatment: This disease has a good prognosis and generally does not require treatment. Keep the mouth clean, use 2% sodium bicarbonate solution to rinse the mouth. Huang Diyan, Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region 2, furrowed tongue: the cause is unknown. There may be age factors, geographical environment, ethnic and nutritional factors, systemic disease factors, genetic factors, infection factors. Clinical manifestations are characterized by different forms, different arrangements, different depths and lengths, and different numbers of grooves or fissures on the back of the tongue. Some patients have symptoms of dry and bitter tongue and food irritation. Treatment: Generally, no treatment is needed to keep the mouth clean, and 2% sodium bicarbonate rinse is available. Median deep sulcus fissure painful person, can consider surgery to remove the sulcus fissure part after pulling together suture. 3, atrophic linguitis: is the tongue mucosa atrophic changes. The etiology includes anemia (vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or folic acid deficiency, aplastic anemia caused by inhibition of hematopoietic tissue), niacin deficiency, desiccation syndrome, and Candida albicans infection. Clinical manifestations are filiform papillae and fungal atrophy on the dorsal surface of the tongue, smooth red and vivid without tongue coating, and severe thinning of the tongue muscles presenting with a dry and thin tongue. There is dry mouth, burning or pain, woody feeling. Treatment: Keep the mouth clean, gargle with dobel, treat the cause, ferrous sulfate tablets
Chinese herbal medicine can be used to benefit lack of yin and nourish yin and nourish yin to lower fire. 4, lingual papillitis: etiology includes malnutrition, anemia, hematological diseases, fungal infections, abuse of antibiotics, etc., endocrine disorders, vitamin deficiency. Clinical manifestations: filiform papillitis is dominated by atrophic damage, fungal papillae, contour papillitis, lobular papillitis are dominated by congestion, redness, swelling and pain. Treatment: Vitamin supplementation, oral antibiotics for obvious inflammation. 5, median rhomboid linguitis: the etiology may include developmental malformations, Candida albicans infection, diabetes mellitus, etc.. Clinical manifestations are the dorsum of the tongue in the posterior 1/3 of the median rhombus, a long oval shape of the rhombus for the long axis of the front and back, red color, absence of tongue papillae, a hard feeling on palpation, no conscious symptoms, no functional disorders. Treatment: Generally no treatment is needed, keep the mouth clean, 2% sodium bicarbonate solution gargle. 6, hairy tongue: tongue back filiform papillae over-elongation, can be black, brown, white, yellow, green and other colors, and are called black hairy tongue, white hairy tongue, yellow hairy tongue, green hairy tongue, etc.. The etiology is thought to be related to poor oral environmental conditions, antibiotic abuse, smoking, diabetes mellitus, anemia, radiation therapy, and the most common genus of Trichophyton. Clinical manifestations are hair-like proliferation of filiform papillae in the middle of the dorsal surface of the tongue and bad breath. Treatment: Maintain oral hygiene, actively treat systemic diseases, and correct the acidic environment of the oral cavity. Lightly wash the tongue hair area with a toothbrush, trim the over-elongated filiform papillae, use mycobacterium, containing. 7, tongue tonsillar hypertrophy: is a proliferative change. It may be related to upper respiratory tract infection or poor denture stimulation. Clinical manifestation is symmetrical nodular elevation of the lateral edge of the tongue root, which is dark red or light red. Large tonsillar nodules may aggregate in several pieces with irritation and pain. Treatment: Generally, treatment is not necessary. Those who suspect tongue cancer should be biopsied in time to make a clear diagnosis. 8, tongue amyloidosis: is a rare protein metabolism disorder caused by the systemic multi-organ involvement syndrome. The etiology is unknown, but it is generally believed to be related to protein metabolism disorder. The clinical manifestation is progressive megalingualism, the tongue body is gradually enlarged, is extensive and symmetrical, early soft, tongue movement is not restricted, with the tongue amyloid material deposition aggravated hardening. Treatment: Lack of specific treatment, available dexamethasone local injection.