In neonates with cranial defects that are large in size, patients may suffer from symptoms such as scalp collapse when standing and swelling of brain tissue when lying down, which affects their appearance. Patients with long-term cranial defects may suffer from psychological symptoms such as anxiety and fear due to incomplete cranial protection. Patients with cranial defects may develop epileptic symptoms due to brain lesions. Cranial defects are mostly due to open cranial injury or firearm penetrating injury, and some patients have residual bone defects due to surgical decompression or diseased craniectomy. Usually, skull defects less than 3cm are asymptomatic; after temporal muscle decompression or suboccipital decompression, there are thick muscles and fascia covering and a tough fibrous healing layer can be formed in the defect area, which can play the role of the original skull to protect the brain, and there is no symptom in the clinic. Defects with a diameter of more than 3 cm, especially those located in the frontal area, which are aesthetically displeasing and safe, often have one or another symptoms, such as dizziness, headache, local tenderness, irritability, restlessness, etc.; or patients are afraid of the pulsation, expansion, collapse of the defect area, fear of the sun, fear of vibration and even fear of loud noises, often have poor self-control, concentration and memory loss; or have depression, fatigue, reticence and low self-esteem, The patient’s head is seriously deformed due to large skull loss, which directly affects the physiological balance of intracranial pressure, collapsing when upright, expanding when lying down, concave in the morning and convex at night; or the atmospheric pressure acts directly on the brain tissue through the defect area, which will inevitably lead to local brain atrophy and aggravate the symptoms of brain wasting over time, and at the same time, the ventricles on the affected side will gradually expand and expand or deform to the defect area. For newborns, cranial defects are congenital cranial injuries, which are caused by developmental or ossification disorders in the embryo or cranial defects formed after birth, and the defect areas are mostly deviated from the midline, mostly symmetrical and asymmetrical, and cranial cap defects do not cause neurological symptoms. The size of the defect varies from several centimeters to more than ten centimeters. For smaller cranial defects, surgical treatment is not required, but the angered veins in the defect area can be ligated, and repair is appropriate for a defect of about four square centimeters.