The main treatment for anal fistula is surgery, which can protect anal function by removing the lesion and reducing damage to the anal sphincter, and most patients can be treated well with surgery. For patients who are not suitable for surgical treatment, conservative treatment can be used to relieve symptoms. The actual fistula can be a good treatment, but it needs to be analyzed according to the specific situation of the patient, to choose the right method to achieve a better treatment effect. For patients with anal fistulas, surgical treatment is an effective means of relieving symptoms. The principle of treatment is to cut or excise the fistula to form an open wound and promote healing in order to minimize damage to the anal sphincter, prevent anal incontinence, and avoid recurrence of the fistula. The main treatments include fistulotomy, suturing and fistulotomy. 1. fistulotomy: the fistula is cut open to remove necrotic tissue and is suitable for low anal fistulas without serious postoperative anal incontinence. 2. suturing: this is the traditional treatment for anal fistula, using a rubber band to pass through the inner and outer opening of the fistula, blocking the blood circulation on the ligated side by the retraction of the anti-band, and then slowly cutting, which will cause the the other side and the fistula to close. It is suitable for low or high simple anal fistulae 3-5 cm from the anus, with internal and external openings, or as an adjunct to incision and excision of complex anal fistulae. The operation is also able to drain the fistula and drain the exudate from the fistula, and is simple and less bleeding. 3. fistulotomy: the operation removes all of the fistula wall, and is suitable for low simple anal fistulae or the lower part of fistulae maturation in high anal fistula structures. In addition, if some patients are unable to undergo surgical treatment, or it is difficult to achieve the desired results through surgery, the fistula can be drained by hanging wires, living with fistula is a safer means of drainage, you need to pay attention to change the medication on time and follow medical advice for anti-infection treatment. In daily life, patients should maintain a healthy diet and regulate bowel movements to prevent constipation or diarrhea in order to reduce the stimulation of the fistula’s internal opening. In addition, some patients who have symptoms such as pus, redness, swelling and pain, and cannot be operated on immediately, can take a local herbal bath in the anus, which can relieve local pain and facilitate the dissipation of local inflammation. In addition, metronidazole and saline can be used to flush the fistula and bioprotein gel can be injected into the fistula from the external opening. This method is non-invasive and painless, but the cure rate is low and it is only applicable to simple anal fistula. Anal fistulas are usually caused by a perianal abscess that breaks down or is repeatedly incised due to pseudo-healing, resulting in a fistula that is located in the perianal area. After the diagnosis of anal fistula, it needs to be treated actively to avoid the development of a high-grade complex anal fistula, which is not only difficult to cure but also painful for the patient.