Lungs can be transplanted. There are single lung transplants and double lung transplants. Indications for lung transplantation are cystic fibrosis, emphysema, 1 antitrypsin deficiency, primary pulmonary hypertension, nonspecific pulmonary fibrosis, and lung retransplantation. Contraindications to lung transplantation are left heart insufficiency, renal insufficiency, HIV (+), and malignant disease within 2 years. The 5-year survival rate after double lung transplantation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is 66.7%. The 10-year survival rate for primary pulmonary hypertension is 59%. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates after living lung transplantation were 70%, 54%, and 45%, respectively. The main complication after lung transplantation is acute rejection between the recipient and donor lung tissue, with symptoms such as dyspnea and elevated body temperature. Lung transplantation is a major surgery highly susceptible to infection, which is a common complication and cause of death after transplantation; ischemia-reperfusion injury is also highly susceptible to occur after lung transplantation, which is clinically manifested as non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema and progressive graft lung function impairment. Patients in need of lung transplantation are advised to consult and choose regular hospitals to ensure the success rate of transplantation and improve the survival time and quality of life.