Intracranial trauma, i.e. craniocerebral trauma leading to large infarcts, is mainly due to cerebral vasospasm, hemodynamic and coagulation state changes, cerebrovascular injury, mechanical compression of cerebral vessels and factors related to the patient himself.
1. Vasospasm: there are many reasons leading to vasospasm, such as excessive release of vasoactive substances due to subarachnoid hemorrhage; decreased cerebral perfusion pressure secondary to traumatic shock; metabolic disorder of blood vessels; physical or inflammatory injury of blood vessels, etc., which will lead to vasoconstriction and spasm, resulting in cerebral infarction.
2. Alteration of hemodynamics and coagulation state: craniocerebral trauma can make intravascular erythrocyte deformability decrease, aggregation; produce too many free radicals; also can make platelet release adhesion, fibrin intertwined into a network to form a thrombus, then lead to large infarction.
3. Cerebrovascular injury: when the cranium and brain are traumatized, all kinds of external forces act on the cerebral blood vessels and damage them, thus leading to rupture of the endothelium, rupture of blood vessels and bleeding, and formation of intravascular thrombus.
4. Mechanical compression of cerebral blood vessels: the formation of cerebral edema or hematoma after trauma leads to intracranial hypertension, which in turn leads to displacement and narrowing of blood vessels, and ultimately leads to the occurrence of large infarction.
5. Patient’s own factors: if the patient has cardiovascular and cerebrovascular primary diseases, combined with important organ injury, diabetes, etc., it is more likely to have large infarction after craniocerebral trauma.
For patients with large infarction caused by craniocerebral trauma, they should be treated under the guidance of professional physicians to avoid delayed condition and adverse consequences.