The most common infectious diseases in fall and winter include the following: First, influenza, also known as influenza, an acute respiratory infection caused mainly by influenza viruses. Second, common cold, an infectious disease caused mainly by rhinovirus infection. Its manifestations are mainly sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose, and generally rarely high fever and general aches and pains, with a short onset cycle. Third, chickenpox, chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus infection, mainly through respiratory droplet transmission or direct contact transmission. Fourth, hand, foot and mouth disease, mostly seen in children under five years of age. Fifth, measles, measles is mainly due to measles virus caused by an acute respiratory infection, with fever, cough, runny as common symptoms, measles is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets. Since the patient is the only source of infection, lasting immunity can be acquired after the disease.