The respiratory system is one of the main causes of death affecting the elderly. The incidence of respiratory system in the elderly has obvious age-specific features, which increases with age, and the older the age, the higher the incidence. The reasons for this are, first, the gradual atrophy of the respiratory mucosa in the elderly, the decline in the secretion function and the decline in the function of the internal organs, so that the respiratory function is weakened and the amount of gas inhaled and eliminated from the body is reduced accordingly, thus affecting the elimination of exhaust gases and the inhalation of fresh air. Older people have lower immunity, weakened thermoregulation, and are less responsive to changes in the external environment, which also provides favorable conditions for bacterial reproduction. Secondly, about 2/3 of Chinese people have a bad habit of smoking, which is the most important pathogenic factor of chronic bronchitis and COPD. Due to the above mentioned reasons, elderly people are prone to suffer from cold, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, etc. Therefore, the elderly should prevent and be alert to the occurrence of the following diseases: 1. colds: due to the decline in the function of the respiratory system and immunity, the elderly are prone to colds, but also due to colds and complications of bronchitis, pneumonia, and even secondary lung abscess; if the original lung disease patients, it will aggravate the original disease; patients with heart disease will worsen the original heart disease, and then induce angina, cardiac insufficiency, etc. To prevent the occurrence of colds, it is important to take effective preventive measures in advance. For example, elderly people should pay more attention to weather changes, add and remove clothes at the right time to avoid catching cold. When the seasons change, you should be more careful and pay attention to adding and removing clothes. In addition, you should try to go to less or not to go to more populated places, such as shopping malls, stations, fairs, to prevent being infected with colds and other germs. 2. Pneumonia: With the onset of autumn, the temperature will gradually drop and the number of elderly people seeking medical attention for pneumonia will increase. This is because as we age, the respiratory system tends to age, bronchial epithelial cells atrophy, cup cells proliferation, cilia reduction, movement is weakened, so the ability of the respiratory tract to remove germs is reduced, easy to cause respiratory tract infections; the elderly thymus will also degenerate to varying degrees, cellular immune function is reduced, when the “latent” in the Many elderly people suffer from chronic bronchitis, diabetes, hypertension, anemia, malnutrition, etc., the ability to resist disease is worse, also prone to respiratory infections; whenever the weather changes, the temperature drops, the elderly have poor cold tolerance, the outside temperature changes are more difficult to adapt to, it is easy to induce pneumonia due to the cold. 3, chronic bronchitis: Chronic bronchitis in the elderly, referred to as the old slow bronchitis, is a serious common disease and disease that endangers the health of the elderly. Winter is the season when chronic bronchitis is very likely to recur, so you should do a good job of prevention to reduce or minimize the recurrence of bronchitis. 4, asthma: Although asthma is mainly seen in young people, but the current elderly asthma is also gradually increasing, so the elderly should be alert to asthma. When the weather is colder, inhaling cold and dry air is very bad for asthma patients, so you should try to avoid going out during an asthma attack. If you must go out, drink some warm water and wear more clothes beforehand. It is best to wear clothing that protects against wind and rain, which can help keep you warm. If necessary, wear a scarf or mask to protect your mouth and nose to avoid exposing your respiratory tract to the cold air. Those who are not allergic to the flu vaccine can get a flu shot. 5, tuberculosis: China has conducted three epidemiological surveys of tuberculosis since 1979, the results show that the prevalence of both active tuberculosis and smear-positive tuberculosis increases with age, reaching a peak at the age of 60-70. The occurrence of TB in the elderly has both endogenous recurrence factors and exogenous reinfection components. Nowadays, the elderly have experienced the most severe years of the TB epidemic in China, and the vast majority of them have been infected with the toxic force of TB bacteria, planting the “seeds” of recurrence. The increased mobility of the urban population has increased the probability of TB reinfection in older adults. It is important to note that not all older adults are susceptible to TB. The survey found that those with different causes of immune deficiency, chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, and silicosis, diabetes, cancer, and mental illness are particularly susceptible to tuberculosis. For elderly respiratory diseases, which add to the suffering of the elderly, only active prevention and health care can make them live more comfortably and happily. 1.Wide health education is carried out to make them establish confidence to overcome diseases, improve health awareness and enhance self-care ability. 2.Prevent pollution: smokers are prohibited from smoking and non-smokers avoid smoking. Try to avoid the pollution of oil smoke, soot and dust in the room, and regular ventilation, temperature and humidity should be appropriate, which is an important measure to reduce the incidence of “old slow branch”. Doors and windows should be opened regularly to allow air circulation and reduce indoor bacteria, but each ventilation time should not be too long, 30 minutes is appropriate. 3, extensive dietary health care: elderly people with respiratory diseases often have weight loss, and due to breathing difficulties, the elderly often need to struggle to breathe, so they need to eat enough calories to maintain their weight. The elderly should be encouraged to eat small amounts of multiple meals and choose foods that are high in calories, high in protein, high in vitamins, and light and easy to digest. The elderly with acute respiratory diseases should be encouraged to drink more water to reduce the viscosity of sputum. Meals include lean meat, eggs, milk, fish, soybeans and soy products. Because soybean products contain lecithin, which has an important role in repairing damaged cell tissues; frequent consumption of lily, fungus, loofah, honey, kelp, lotus seeds, lotus root, walnuts, pears and other foods have a certain effect on expectoration, calming asthma and moistening lungs.