Dorasetron mesylate injection is a commonly used antiemetic drug for chemotherapy nowadays, which can effectively relieve acute vomiting. Chemotherapeutic drugs and their metabolites act on gastrointestinal wall cells, causing them to release 5-hydroxytryptophan, which stimulates peripheral receptors and transmits to the vomiting center, thus triggering vomiting symptoms. Dorasetron mesylate is a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptophan receptor antagonist, which has a good preventive and curative effect on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. It can effectively reduce the occurrence of nausea and vomiting and control the symptoms of nausea and vomiting, and significantly improve the quality of patients’ survival through the antagonistic effect on the 5-hydroxytryptophan receptors in the central chemosensory area and the peripheral vagal nerve endings. It is widely used clinically for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.