It is embarrassing for men to have bulging breasts. It manifests as enlarged breasts, sometimes with localized pain or a lactic-like discharge. In addition to affecting the appearance, more patients feel embarrassed and mentally depressed. Some boys unknowingly notice a gradual breast augmentation. They are often ashamed to open their breasts and even take a bath in secret, but this is not without being told that they are daughters. This condition is medically known as “gynecomastia” or “gynecomastia” and is mostly seen in young and middle-aged people, more on one side than on both sides. This is mainly due to endocrine disorders in the body, with relatively high levels of estrogen and relatively low levels of androgens; or androgen receptor defects, increased aromatase activity in the breast tissue and increased sensitivity to estrogen; taking drugs that inhibit the synthesis of testosterone or increase the formation of endogenous estrogen; taking estrogen or drugs with estrogen-like effects. Excessive estrogen stimulates the breast tissue, causing it to proliferate and develop. The pathological manifestations are ductal hyperplasia without alveolar hyperplasia, which can be divided into two categories: primary cases are usually more common in adolescent boys and older men, mainly due to a transient increase in endogenous estrogen or a decrease in androgens, and can often subside on their own; secondary cases are commonly caused by liver disease, testicular disease, adrenal disease, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, and tumors of the genitourinary system or nervous system In addition, breast development can also be caused by the long-term use of estrogen, prostate disease, or other long-term use of drugs (reserpine, remifentine, digitalis, chlorpromazine, etc.), and usually subsides after stopping the drug. In addition, hermaphroditism, congenital testicular dysplasia, can also cause breast enlargement. Therefore, gynecomastia is also a disease. The treatment of gynecomastia hypertrophy should vary from person to person. The first thing to do is to find out if there are any liver, kidney or testicular diseases, and what drugs have been taken, so that the cause of the disease can be removed and the right treatment can be given, and most of them can return you to a strong male physique. The first consideration is conservative treatment: for primary gynecomastia, most of it will subside naturally and no special treatment is needed; for secondary gynecomastia, treatment should be directed at the cause. The second option is surgery: for those with significant pain, excessive breast enlargement or persistent non-receding, surgical excision can be performed to remove the enlarged glandular tissue through an arched incision in the areola, but retaining the glandular tissue under the nipple to support the nipple can avoid post-operative nipple depression and restore a good breast shape.