Prostate-specific antigen is a sensitive indicator of prostate cancer, and the normal range of prostate-specific antigen is 0-4 ng/ml. There are many reasons for an increase in prostate-specific antigen, including recent indwelling urinary catheterization, endoscopic surgery of the urinary tract, prostate inflammation, prostate massage, and prostate cancer.
For patients found to have elevated prostate-specific antigen, further prostate MRI and prostate puncture biopsy are performed to exclude prostate cancer, and if prostate cancer is clearly diagnosed, radical prostatectomy or endocrine therapy for prostate cancer is performed depending on the stage of prostate cancer and the patient’s tolerance level.
If prostate cancer is not considered, further treatment such as anti-inflammatory and sitz baths can be given, and the prostate-specific antigen changes can be monitored regularly.
For those with elevated prostate-specific antigen due to indwelling urinary catheters or prostate massage, the prostate-specific antigen can be monitored for changes in prostate-specific antigen while actively treating the primary disease and treated promptly.