Elderly cervical engorgement is when the doctor observes abundant capillaries on the surface of the cervix with very bright red color during gynecological examination. The common clinical manifestation is vaginal bleeding, which tends to be contact bleeding in the early stages, while irregular vaginal bleeding may occur in the middle to late stages. Cervical engorgement in the elderly can be caused by a variety of pathologies, such as infections, precancerous lesions, and so on. 1. Infection: cervical congestion in the elderly is usually seen in cervicitis, which can be caused by direct infection of the cervix by pathogenic bacteria, and there is often a large amount of purulent secretion spilling out from the cervical canal; it can also be secondary to inflammation of the endometrium or the vagina, such as mycosis fungoides, trichomoniasis vaginitis and so on. 2. Pre-cancerous lesions: Cervical congestion may be caused by cervical lesions such as cervical precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia). In addition, more serious cervical lesions such as cervical cancer may be surrounded by rich blood transportation, so it may also lead to cervical congestion. Once a patient finds cervical congestion during an examination, further testing such as cervical TCT and HPV testing should be performed to help determine the cause.