According to media reports, the editorial board of the authoritative American journal Science has selected the top ten technological advances in 2013, among which immunotherapy for cancer has won the first place. Immunotherapy for cancer is an anti-tumor treatment that regulates the functional state of the body’s immune system to achieve the goal of eliminating tumors by improving the patient’s own ability to fight cancer. This new treatment will prompt T cells and other immune cells to fight tumors – and the editors of Science believe these approaches are showing enough promise to make it to the top of the list of the year’s most important scientific breakthroughs. The significance of this report is that the focus of human tumor research has shifted from a consistent focus on tumor cells’ own proliferation and metabolic interventions to modulating the body’s own ability to fight cancer. In particular, the rapid progress of molecular biology in the 20th century has provided powerful tools for tumor research, and a large number of oncogenes have been discovered one after another, but unfortunately, not many results can be translated into clinical practice to benefit patients, and the overall efficacy of malignant tumors is still unsatisfactory. The reason is that tumor is a kind of disease caused by multiple mutations, which is closely related to the imbalance of microenvironment and internal environment of the body, but traditional research has greatly ignored the environment in which tumor cells live. In fact, immune dysfunction accompanies tumor development. In the early stage of tumor development, it is due to the decline of immune surveillance function of the body, which leads to the failure to clear the mutated malignant cells in time, thus laying the foundation for their development. Subsequently, with the proliferation of tumor cells, the tumor microenvironment is domesticated and utilized by malignant cells, which becomes a breeding ground for promoting the growth of tumor cells. At the late stage of the disease, it is the paralysis of the immune system function that leads to the total loss of control of the malignant tumor and death. Unlike the concept of traditional surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, TCM especially focuses on the improvement of the body’s own anti-cancer ability, that is, through comprehensive and dynamic adjustment of the body’s functions to improve the body’s anti-cancer ability (immune based) to achieve the purpose of anti-cancer, and its basic characteristic is “human-oriented”. It is fundamentally different from the “tumor-based” treatment concept of modern medicine, which is mainly aimed at killing and injuring tumors. Chinese medicine treatment advocates the prolongation of survival period based on the assurance of survival quality, and the treatment characteristic of “survival with tumor”, which focuses more on the patient’s survival quality rather than the short-term fading of tumor. As early as 1972, Professor Liu Jiaxiang was the first one in China to put forward the viewpoint of “helping the righteous” as the main treatment for malignant tumors, and it has gradually developed into the systematic academic thought of “helping the righteous to treat cancer”. He advocates individualized treatment through evidence-based treatment, especially focusing on regulating the imbalanced immune function of patients and achieving the purpose of anti-cancer through the reconstruction of immune function. After a lot of clinical and experimental research, it was found that the survival time of lung cancer patients could be significantly prolonged and the quality of survival could be improved through the “treatment of lung cancer”, and the mechanism was found to be closely related to the improvement of the immune function of the body cells, which provided a reliable basis for the treatment of tumors in Chinese medicine.