Multiple parenchymal foci of the thyroid gland are imaging findings that suggest nodules in the thyroid gland, which may be the result of internal tissue proliferation, commonly thyroid adenomas and thyroid carcinomas. Thyroid adenomas are benign tumors whose etiology is related to genetics, radiation damage, and other factors. Most patients are asymptomatic and usually find nodules in the neck during physical examination. Thyroid cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland, and its etiology is related to oncogenes, ionizing radiation, iodine intake, and heredity. Papillomas and follicular carcinomas may have no clinical symptoms in the early stages. As the mass enlarges, patients may experience dysphagia, dyspnea, and hoarseness. Multiple parenchymal lesions of the thyroid gland, it is recommended to follow the doctor’s instructions for further relevant examinations, to clarify the cause with the help of the doctor, and to carry out targeted management or treatment.