Gallbladder stones are a common clinical condition, for gallbladder stones, how should one choose a treatment plan, should one take medication, or should one undergo surgery, and is there any other way to remove the stones other than surgery? Gallbladder stones are divided into asymptomatic gallbladder stones and symptomatic gallbladder stones. The former patients have no obvious symptoms for a long time. According to the long-term follow-up observation of some patients with asymptomatic stones, this group is a benign group with a mild course of the disease, and very few patients will develop serious symptoms requiring surgery within 10-15 years. Symptomatic gallbladder stones are defined as biliary colic, acute cholecystitis, and other serious symptoms associated with stones. Symptomatic gallbladder stones not only have a significant impact on the patient’s life, but studies have also shown that this group is at a higher risk for acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and biliary obstruction. There is a consensus among experts in the field regarding the treatment decisions for gallbladder stones that asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic patients with gallbladder stones do not routinely require prophylactic cholecystectomy (so-called expectant treatment). Prophylactic cholecystectomy is an option for older patients for whom expectant treatment may significantly increase the risk of surgery. Elective cholecystectomy should be performed in patients with gallbladder stones whose symptoms significantly interfere with work or life or who have had previous episodes of biliary colic, acute cholecystitis, or pancreatitis of biliary origin. For patients with gallbladder stones who have high risk factors for gallbladder cancer or suspected gallbladder cancer, surgery should be performed regardless of the presence of symptoms. Cholecystectomy is the standard procedure for surgical treatment of gallbladder stones, and laparoscopic surgery should be preferred if conditions permit. Pharmacologic litholytic therapy, lithotripsy, and extracorporeal lithotripsy have low cure rates and may lead to serious complications, and are not recommended for clinical use.