Cerebral demyelinating changes are not a disease and can be caused by a variety of reasons, such as vascular, genetic, metabolic, toxic, and immunoinflammatory diseases. The most common cause of cerebral demyelination changes is chronic cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, associated with cerebral atherosclerosis. It is the damage to the myelin sheath of the cerebral cortex, which appears to be incomplete, leading to myelin changes in the cerebral cortex and manifestations of damage and destruction. It may also be due to hereditary diseases, such as hereditary cerebral white matter dystrophy; metabolic diseases, such as hepatomegaly; toxic diseases, such as carbon monoxide poisoning; immune-inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune encephalitis, etc., which can lead to cerebral demyelination changes. It is recommended that patients with cerebral demyelination changes should go to a regular hospital in time to identify the cause of the disease and take targeted treatment under the guidance of a professional doctor.