Mild beta thalassemia usually requires no special treatment, while severe thalassemia can be treated by blood transfusion therapy and surgery. Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic anemia caused by a mutation or deletion of the gene for the bead protein peptide chain of hemoglobin, resulting in reduced synthesis of the bead protein peptide chain or a complete lack of it. Beta-thalassemia minor is mildly symptomatic and may be detected by the presence of microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells, with or without mild anemia, or may be asymptomatic, and generally requires no specific treatment. In thalassemia major, blood transfusion therapy combined with iron removal therapy is usually used, and surgical methods such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the only way to eradicate the disease. In daily life, it is necessary to pay attention to more rest, balanced diet, prevention of infection, and regular review and follow-up.