The intercostal space is the depression between the two ribs and contains the intercostal nerves, intercostal muscles and small arteries and veins. There are 12 pairs of ribs and intercostal tissues that form the thorax, which protects the heart, lungs and other important organs of the body, and helps to complete the breathing movement with the rise and fall of the thorax. In the intercostal space, the intercostal muscles are prone to aseptic inflammation, such as collisions and injuries from external forces, as well as frequent overexertion and cold, which may lead to strain on the intercostal muscles, or frequent local cold, which may lead to inflammation of the intercostal nerves and painful symptoms in the intercostal area. In addition, the intercostal nerve in the intercostal space may be infected by the herpes virus, leading to the formation of herpes zoster, which causes significant pain in the intercostal space, often in a semi-circular pattern, which can be effectively relieved by antiviral and other treatments. However, there are many patients who have a poor prognosis due to their age and other underlying diseases, which can leave intercostal neuralgia.