Modern society is characterized by high work pressure, a stressful pace of life and a constant state of stress, resulting in an increasing number of people suffering from psychiatric disorders. Medications are the most important part of treatment for psychiatric disorders, and many patients require long-term medication, however, did you know that psychotropic medications can also cause eye disorders?
In this article, the authors present a summary of the eye symptoms seen clinically as a result of psychotropic medications, and tell you what eye disorders can be caused by psychotropic medications, so that you can be aware of them when they occur and minimize their side effects.
Reference standards used in this article.
Very common: ≥10%
Common: ≥1 percent
Rare: ≥0.1% and <1%
Rare: ≥0.01% and <0.1%
Very rare: <0.01%
Unknown: incidence cannot be accurately assessed based on clinical studies
Class I: Antipsychotics
Risperidone: blurred vision, dry eyes, glaucoma, ocular congestion, ocular motility disorders, photophobia, eye rotation
Paliperidone: none
Olanzapine: None
Quetiapine: None
Aripiprazole.
Common: blurred vision, conjunctivitis
Rare: dry eyes, eye pain, cataract, blepharitis, ocular hemorrhage
Rare: diplopia, frequent blinking, ptosis, amblyopia, photophobia
Amisulpride.
Rare: ocular rotation crisis (acute dystonia)
Ziprasidone.
Common: actinic nerve crisis, diplopia
Uncommon: conjunctivitis, dry eye, blepharitis, cataract, photophobia
Rare: nystagmus, ocular hemorrhage, visual field defects, keratitis, conjunctivitis
Clozapine: blurred vision, contraindicated in glaucoma
Chlorpromazine: contraindicated in glaucoma
Sulpiride: blurred vision
Fenazaquin: None
Haloperidol: blurred vision, use with caution in glaucoma
Pentafluoridol: None
Class II: Antidepressants
Fluoxetine: blurred vision, dilated pupils
Sertraline: dilated pupils, visual disturbances
Citalopram: astigmatism, visual disturbance (unknown)
Paroxetine.
Common: blurred vision
Uncommon: dilated pupils, conjunctivitis
Rare: diplopia, amblyopia, unequal pupil size, blepharitis, cataract, conjunctival edema, corneal ulceration, ocular proptosis, ocular hemorrhage, night blindness, photophobia, ptosis, retinal hemorrhage, visual field defects
Very rare: acute glaucoma
Fluvoxamine: none
Escitalopram: pupil dilatation, visual disturbance
Venlafaxine: pupil dilatation, use with caution in closed-angle glaucoma
Duloxetine: dilated pupils, blurred vision, visual disturbances, contraindicated in untreated narrow-angle glaucoma
Reboxetine: none, contraindicated in glaucoma
Mirtazapine: None
Maprotiline: blurred vision, impaired visual accommodation
Amitriptyline: blurred vision, contraindicated in glaucoma
Clomipramine: anticholinergic effect
Very common: visual dysregulation, blurred vision
Common: pupil dilation
Very rare: glaucoma
Doxepin: blurred vision
Class III: Antimanic/antiepileptic/mental stabilizers
Lithium carbonate: blurred vision
Category IV: Sedative-hypnotics
Clonazepam: blurred vision
Eszopiclone: contraindicated in acute or easy-to-occur closed-angle glaucoma
Alprazolam: blurred vision
Lorazepam: diplopia, blurred vision, contraindicated in acute closed-angle glaucoma
Midazolam: none
Zolpidem: rare diplopia
Zopiclone: none
Zaleplon: diplopia